* KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE Chemistry Notes 4. Some important reactions of acids at Doc Brown's Chemistry
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Doc Brown's Chemistry The pH scale of acidity and alkalinity, acids, alkalis, salts and neutralisation 4. Some important reactions of acids Revision Notes KS4 Science IGCSE/O level/GCSE Chemistry Information Study Notes for revising for AQA GCSE Science, Edexcel 360Science/IGCSE Chemistry & OCR 21stC Science, OCR Gateway Science (revise courses equal to US grades 9-10) Advanced Level Chemistry Acid-Base Revision Notes - use index GCSE Sub-index: Index of all pH, Acids, Alkalis, Salts Notes 1. Examples of acid-alkali chemistry : 2. pH scale, indicators, ionic theory of acids-alkali neutralisation : 3. pH examples of acid, neutral or alkaline solutions : 4. Acid reactions with metals/oxides/hydroxides/carbonates and neutralisation reactions : 5. Reactions of bases-alkalis like sodium hydroxide : 6. Four methods of making salts : 7. Changes in pH in a neutralisation : 8. Important formulae, salt solubility and water of crystallisation : 9. Further examples of word/symbol equations for salt preparations : 10. More on Acid-Base Theory and Weak and Strong Acids 4. Some important reactions of Acids Acids are neutralised by reaction with metals, oxides, hydroxides or carbonates to form salts and other products. Apart from metals (which is an electron loss/gain redox reaction), the other reactants listed above are considered as bases (meaning they react by accepting a proton from an acid). Water soluble bases are known as alkalis. The reaction between acids and bases like oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are called neutralisation reactions.
NOTE (a)*: The name of the particular salt formed depends on (i) the metal name, which becomes the first part of salt name, and (ii) the acid e.g. H2SO4 sulphuric acid on neutralisation makes a ... sulphate; HCl hydrochloric acid makes a ... chloride; HNO3 nitric acid makes a nitrate etc. NOTE (b)**: There is a list of compound formulae and their solubility in section 8. The first part of the salt name is ammonium derived from ammonia (with metals or their compounds the metal retains its original name), but the second part of the salt name is always derived from the acid as in NOTE (a) above. NOTE (c): Ammonia is an alkaline gas that is very soluble in water. It is a weak alkali or soluble base and is readily neutralised by acids in solution to form ammonium salts which can be crystallised on evaporating the resulting solution. Sometimes the equations are written with the 'fictitious' 'ammonium hydroxide'
NOTE (d): There are more equations in section 9. and an extensive structured question on acid reaction equations.
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