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Doc Brown's
Chemistry A LEVEL REVISION NOTES
Advanced Level Chemistry
Revision-Information Notes
Copying of the quizzes by schools and colleges etc.
is not permitted © Dr WP Brown
Revision notes for GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level AS
Advanced Level A2 IB
Revise AQA GCE Chemistry OCR GCE Chemistry Edexcel GCE Chemistry Salters
Chemistry CIE Chemistry revising courses for pre-university students
(equal to US grade 11 and grade 12 and Honours/honors level courses)
[ADVANCED] *
[CHEMISTRY]
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ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY TOPICS
Revision study notes-research-information
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MECHANISMS
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC MECHANISMS revision notes: An alphabetical list of some organic terminology and a
link to detailed notes on reaction mechanisms:
Part
Ia alkanes, Part Ib
alkenes, Part II halogenoalkanes, Part
III alcohols, aldehydes-ketones, acid/acyl
chlorides, Part IV aromatic hydrocarbons -
arenes |
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QUALITATIVE TESTS
Qualitative Analysis Tests for organic functional groups
notes
(use alphabetical index) |
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ALKANES and OIL
Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and
cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers |
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ALKENES
Revision notes on the structure and naming of ALKENES (including
cyclo..), including nomenclature of many isomers |
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HALOGENOALKANES (HALOALKANES)
Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES
(notes parts 1-3), including nomenclature of many isomers |
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ALCOHOLS and ETHERS
Revision notes on the structure and naming
(nomenclature) of aliphatic
ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, expoxy-alkanes (parts 1-2), including isomers |
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ALDEHYDES and KETONES
Revision notes on the
Structure and Naming of Aldehydes and Ketones, including nomenclature of isomers |
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CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES e.g. substituted
molecules, esters, amides, acyl chlorides etc.
Revision notes on the
structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES,
including nomenclature of isomers |
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FUNCTIONAL GROUP SUMMARY
A summary of
homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry |
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ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
Revision notes on the Structure, Classification and Naming of
Organic Nitrogen Compounds,
including nomenclature of isomers
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AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds,
including nomenclature of isomers |
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ORGANIC MOLECULE SHAPES and BOND ANGLES
Revision notes on molecule shapes - section added on the bond angles of organic molecules |
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ISOMERISM in ORGANIC MOLECULES
Introduction to ISOMERISM in organic molecules and 4 pages
of revision notes on structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Structural Isomerism: Case studies of
chain, positional, functional group, tautomerism isomerism
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical Isomerism
(E/Z cis/trans), Optical Isomerism (R/S)
Some stereochemistry of proteins and
polymers
Chirality Q
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ORGANIC REDOX REACTIONS detailed notes and redox
synthesis reaction
Revision notes on Oxidation and reduction synthesis
reactions, fuel cells etc. (sub-indexes of sections) |
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ADVANCED INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY TOPICS
Revision
study notes-research-information |
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QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
Qualitative Analysis Tests for inorganic gases, ions (cations and anions)
etc.
(use alphabetical index) |
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY THEORY
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- electronegativity, oxidation number analysis and constructing full
redox equations from half-cell reactions etc. (sub-indexes of sections) |
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ADVANCED LEVEL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - THE PERIODIC TABLE and PERIODICITY - all
the revision notes pages listed below have their sub-indexes for each section
and an index linking all the
advanced level inorganic chemistry together.
Part 1 Historical
Introduction to the Periodic Table
Part
2 Electronic Structure, Hydrogen Spectrum Ionisation Energies
(7 sections over 3 pages after re-editing)
Electron configurations of elements (Z = 1
to 56), ions and the
Periodic Table
Spectroscopy, hydrogen spectrum, evidence of quantum
levels, ionisation energy
patterns
Part
3 Survey of Period 1: hydrogen H to helium He
(1 page only)
Part
4 Survey of Period 2: lithium Li to neon Ne
(3 pages)
Period 2 trends & explanations of
physical properties
Period 2 trends in bonding, structure, oxidation state, formulae and
reactions
Part
5.1 Survey of Period 3: sodium Na to argon Ar
(3 pages)
5.2
Period 3 trends & explanations of physical properties
5.3
Period 3 trends in bonding, structure, oxidation state, formulae and
reactions
Part 5 Survey of
Period 4 elements
6.2 Period 4 trends in physical properties
6.3
Period 4 trends in bonding and formulae
6.4 Important trends down Groups
Part 7 Group 1 Alkali
Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals 7.1
Introduction * 7.2
Group 1 data and graphs * 7.3
Group 2 data and graphs *
7.4 General trends down the group and formulae * 7.5
Oxygen reaction & oxides *
7.6 Water reaction & hydroxides
* 7.7 Acid reaction & salts * 7.8
chlorine
reaction - halides * 7.9 carbonates & hydrogen carbonates
* 7.10 Solubility trends of OH, NO3,SO4,CO3's
* 7.11 Thermal
decomposition and stability of carbonates & nitrates * 7.12
Uses of
group 1-2 metals and their compounds
Part 8
The p-block elements : 8.1
Group 3/13
Introduction : Boron :
Aluminium * 8.2
Group
4/14 Introduction : Carbon :
Silicon :
Semi-metals like Ge * 8.3
Group 5/15 Introduction :
Nitrogen :
Phosphorus * 8.4
Group 6/16 Introduction :
Oxygen :
Sulfur * 8.5
Group 0/18 The Noble Gases
Part 9
Group 7/17 The Halogens
9.1
Introduction, trends
& Group 7/17 data * 9.2 Halogen displacement
reaction and reactivity trend * 9.3
Reactions of
halogens with other elements * 9.4
Reaction between halide salts and conc.
sulfuric acid *
9.5 Tests for halogens and halide ions *
9.6 Extraction of halogens from natural sources
* 9.7 Uses of halogens & compounds * 9.8
Oxidation & Reduction - more on redox reactions
of halogens & halide ions * 9.9
Volumetric
analysis - titrations involving halogens or halide ions * 9.10
Ozone, CFC's and halogen organic chemistry
links * 9.11 Chemical bonding in halogen
compounds * 9.12 Miscellaneous aspects of
halogen chemistry
Part 10 3d block TRANSITION METALS: 10.1-10.2
Introduction 3d-block Transition Metals and
Data * 10.3
Scandium
* 10.4 Titanium * 10.5
Vanadium * 10.6
Chromium
* 10.7 Manganese * 10.8
Iron * 10.9
Cobalt
* 10.10 Nickel
* 10.11 Copper * 10.12
Zinc
* 10.13 Other Transition Metals e.g. Ag and Pt * Appendix 1.
Hydrated salts, acidity of
hexa-aqua ions * Appendix 2. Complexes
& ligands * Appendix 3. Complexes and isomerism * Appendix 4.
Electron configuration & colour theory * Appendix 5. Redox
equations, feasibility, Eø * Appendix 6.
Catalysis * Appendix 7.
Redox
equations
* Appendix 8. Stability Constants and entropy
changes *
Appendix 9. Colorimetric analysis
and complex ion formula * Extra Appendix 10
3d block - extended data
* Appendix 11 Some 3d-block compounds, complexes, oxidation states
& electrode potentials * Appendix 12
Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures',
formulae and equations
Part 11A: Data tables on Groups 1-7,0, 3d-block-Transition Metals
Series, (Groups 1-18) & Periods 2-4
with links to the periodicity graphs for Periods 1-4 and start of 5
listed below
11B(i)
Periodicity graphs for
elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1 to start of Period 4 (all re-edited)
11B(ii) Periodicity
graph for elements Z = 1 to 38 Period 1 to start
of Period 5
(all re-edited)
11B(iii) Periodicity
graph for elements Z
= 1 to 96 Period 1 to
start of Period 7
(all re-edited)
11B(iv)
DATA for the Periodicity
plots
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ADVANCED PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL
CHEMISTRY TOPICS Revision
study notes-research-information |
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CALCULATIONS and
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS -
all with worked out answers or feedback for self-assessment
GCSE and AS basic Calculations sections 1 to 15 indexed 
examples, notes and short tests *
Section 7 has a set of
calculations based on the
Avogadro Constant plus Answers.
There are lots of accompanying quizzes to go with the exemplar notes.
Acid-base and other non-redox titration calculation questions
redox titration
calculation questions |
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE, RADIOACTIVITY ELECTRON
CONFIGURATIONS and BONDING
Revision notes on all you need to know on ATOMIC
STRUCTURE for advanced level
Notes on all you will ever need to know about
RADIOACTIVITY for advanced level
Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies
Revision notes on the basics on Ionic, Covalent and
Metallic BONDING
Revision notes on shapes of simple molecules, ions, transition metal complexes
Shape, bond angles of
particular oxide/oxyanion molecules/ions of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur/sulphur
and chlorine |
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ENERGETICS - THERMOCHEMISTRY and THERMODYNAMICS
Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic
reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry
experiments and resulting data
Part 1: Thermochemistry - Calorimetry experiments -
Enthalpies of reaction,formation, combustion and bond dissociation
are explained with exemplar calculations
* A set of Enthalpy
Questions
Part 2 ΔH Enthalpies of
ion hydration, solution, atomisation, lattice energy, electron affinity
and the Born-Haber cycle
Part
3 ΔS Entropy and ΔG Free Energy Changes |
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CHEMICAL KINETICS
GCSE
notes for the basics of rates of reactions
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts
and heterogeneous
catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction,
deducing orders of reaction
See also
computer
simulation of Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of kinetic energies
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes:
Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations, deriving the activation energy Ea from kinetics-rates data
and
Kinetic versus thermodynamic stability
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OXIDATION STATES and REDOX REACTIONS
Revision notes on Inorganic and organic REDOX reactions, oxidation state explained etc. (sub-indexes of sections) |
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SPECTROSCOPY
Simple
NMR problem solving with % composition and infra-red absorption data |
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STATES OF MATTER - KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY
States
of Matter Part 1 gas-liquid-solid BASIC revision notes
States of Matter
Part 2 More
advanced topics on the Ideal Gas Laws, p-V-T and PV=nRT calculations, kinetic particle model-theory and ideal and non-ideal real gas behaviour
(compressibility factors and Van der Waals equation), critical point -
critical pressure/temperature
Also
Computer simulations of kinetic particle theory -
Maxwell Boltzman Distribution of particle speeds/KE'
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EQUILIBRIA - Theory and Examples of
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Starter GCSE
Notes-reversible reactions-equilibrium *
Starter GCSE Notes on
Electrochemistry:
Part 1.
Advanced
Chemistry Equilibria Part 1.
Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
Part 2.
Kc and Kp equilibrium expressions and
calculations
Part 3.
Equilibria and
industrial processes
Part 4.
Partition,
solubility product and ion-exchange
Part 5.
Equilibria:
5.1 Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theories * 5.2
self-ionisation of water and pH scale * 5.3
strong acids-examples-calculations *
5.4 weak acids-examples & pH-Ka-pKa calculations * 5.5
strong bases-examples-pH calculations
* 5.6 weak bases- examples & pH-Kb-pKb calculations *
5.7 A level notes on Acids, Bases, Salts,
uses of
acid-base titrations - upgrade from GCSE!
Part 6
Equilibria: 6.1 Salt hydrolysis * 6.2
Acid-base indicator theory, pH curves and
titrations * 6.3 Buffers - definition, formulation
and action * 6.4 Buffer calculations * 6.5
Case studies
of buffer function
Part 7.
Redox equilibria, half-cell electrode potentials,
electrolysis and electrochemical series
Part 8.
8.1
Vapour pressure origin and examples * 8.2.1
Introduction
to Intermolecular Forces * 8.2.2
Detailed
comparative discussion of boiling points of 8 organic molecules * 8.3
Boiling point plots for six
organic
homologous series * 8.4
Other case studies of
boiling points related to intermolecular forces * 8.5
Steam
distillation - theory and practice * 8.6
Evidence and theory
for hydrogen bonding in simple covalent hydrides *
8.7
Solubility of covalent compounds, miscible
and immiscible liquids |
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Other Notes Links |
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Uses of chemicals, 220+ examples in alphabetical order, GCSE orientated, but
still useful quotes |
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GCE A AS A2 IB Advanced Level Chemistry Revision Website
NEW and RE-EDITED PAGES for
Advanced Level Chemistry
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