INDEX of notes on COSMOLOGY

Evidence and theories for the origin of the Universe

The Big Bang Theory of the Universe

evidence from observations of the 'red-shift', cosmic microwave background radiation, cosmology and the Hubble equation

Sub-index for this section on cosmology

(1) An introduction to cosmological models

(2) Explaining the Doppler effect in a cosmological context

(3) Why do we get light from stars? How do we analyse this light?

(4) In terms of cosmology, what is the red-shift?

(5) How does the red-shift & Hubble equation relate to our big bang theory of the universe and origins?

(6) Other evidence for the 'Big Bang Theory' of the universe

 See also Astronomy - solar system and satellites

 and the Life Cycle of Stars for more detailed notes on stars

Some learning objectives for this page - not an easy topic!

(a) Know and understand that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer there will be a change in the observed wavelength and frequency.

(b) You should know that there is an observed increase in the wavelength of light from most distant galaxies.

(c) Appreciate how the observed red-shift provides evidence that the universe is expanding and supports the ‘Big Bang’ theory (that the universe began from a very small initial point).

(d) Know that cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the universe.

(e) Appreciate that the ‘Big Bang’ theory is currently the only theory that can explain the existence of CMBR.

 WHERE NEXT?

WAVES - electromagnetic radiation, sound, optics-lenses, light and astronomy revision notes index

General introduction to the types and properties of waves, ripple tank expts, how to do wave calculations

Illuminated & self-luminous objects, reflection visible light, ray box experiments, ray diagrams, mirror uses

Refraction and diffraction, the visible light spectrum, prism investigations, ray diagrams explained

Electromagnetic spectrum, sources, types, properties, uses (including medical) and dangers

The absorption and emission of radiation by materials - temperature & surface factors including global warming

See also Global warming, climate change, reducing our carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning

Optics - types of lenses (convex, concave, uses), experiments and ray diagrams, correction of eye defects

The visible spectrum of colour, light filters and explaining the colour of objects

Sound waves, properties explained, speed measure, uses of sound, ultrasound, infrasound, earthquake waves

The Structure of the Earth, crust, mantle, core and earthquake waves (seismic wave analysis)

Astronomy - solar system, stars, galaxies and use of telescopes and satellites

The life cycle of stars - mainly worked out from emitted electromagnetic radiation

Cosmology - the Big Bang Theory of the Universe, the red-shift & microwave background radiation

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