School Physics Notes: OPTICS: physics of lenses and correction of eye defects

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GCSE level Physics exam revision notes on OPTICS

INDEX of revision notes on OPTICS - types of lenses, uses and ray diagrams all explained and the correction of eye defects

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's physics exam revision notes suitable for students of UK IGCSE & GCSE level physics courses, ~ US grades 9-10 physics [waves-lenses- page updated April 17th 2026 *]

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Sub-index for this section on optics - lenses (F = focal length of a convex lens)

1. Reminders of what happens when light rays pass through different shaped prisms

2. The types and properties of lenses, how to construct ray diagrams, measurement of focal length F

3. Convex lens ray diagram for a real image when object is a distance of 2F from the lens

4. Convex lens ray diagram for a real image if object is a distance between F and 2F from lens

5. Convex lens ray diagram for virtual image when object is at a distance between F and lens

6. Convex lens ray diagram for when object is at a distance beyond 2F

7. Ray diagram for a concave lens showing the divergence of parallel rays

8. Ray diagram showing the formation of a virtual image by a concave lens

9. Eye defects  - explaining short sightedness and long sightedness - correction using lenses

See also The eye (gcse biology notes)

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INDEX of all notes on waves, radiation, astronomy etc.

WAVES - electromagnetic radiation, sound, optics-lenses, light and astronomy revision notes index

General introduction to the types and properties of waves, ripple tank expts, how to do wave calculations

Illuminated & self-luminous objects, reflection visible light, ray box experiments, ray diagrams, mirror uses

Refraction and diffraction, the visible light spectrum, prism investigations, ray diagrams explained

Electromagnetic spectrum, sources, types, properties, uses (including medical) and dangers

The absorption and emission of radiation by materials - temperature & surface factors including global warming

See also Global warming, climate change, reducing our carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning

Optics - types of lenses (convex, concave, uses), experiments and ray diagrams, correction of eye defects

The visible spectrum of colour, light filters and explaining the colour of objects

Sound waves, properties explained, speed measure, uses of sound, ultrasound, infrasound, earthquake waves

The Structure of the Earth, crust, mantle, core and earthquake waves (seismic wave analysis)

Astronomy - solar system, stars, galaxies and use of telescopes and satellites

The life cycle of stars - mainly worked out from emitted electromagnetic radiation

Cosmology - the Big Bang Theory of the Universe, the red-shift & microwave background radiation

IGCSE AQA GCSE Physics Edexcel GCSE Physics IGCSE OCR GCSE Gateway Science Physics OCR GCSE 21st Century Science Physics Doc Brown's school physics revision notes: GCSE physics, IGCSE physics, O level physics,  ~US grades 8, 9 and 10 school science courses or equivalent for ~14-16 year old students of physics, importance of optics - lenses in GCSE level physics, What you need to know about optics - lenses for GCSE level physics, Explaining the use of optics - lenses knowledge in GCSE level physics, Examples of optics - lenses explained when studying GCSE level physics, What is significant about optics - lenses, describing the theory of optics - lenses when studying GCSE level physics, revision notes for optics - lenses in exams, online exam help for optics - lenses, revision notes about optics - lenses, what do I need to learn about optics - lenses for by GCSE physics exam? help to understand the optics - lenses topic in preparation for GCSE physics exam question, how to prepare for questions involving optics - lenses in a GCSE physics examination? Revision notes on optics - lenses based on the syllabus-specifications for students taking IGCSE/GCSE level physics examinations, summary revision notes and key points on optics - lenses for students taking the AQA igcse/gcse physics notes on optics - lenses, Edexcel gcse physics notes on optics - lenses,  OCR 21st century GCSE physics notes on optics - lenses, OCR gateway GCSE physics notes on optics - lenses, WJEC gcse physics notes on optics - lenses, CCEA gcse physics notes on optics - lenses for students taking CIE Cambridge igcse physics, exam revision notes on optics - lenses, useful for US grade 9-10 physics courses

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