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The organisation of plant cells into tissues and organs - their structure and
function
leaf structure-adaptations, the transport and gas exchange in plants
and absorption of nutrients
- importance and deficiency problems,
potometer - measuring rates of transpiration experiments
Doc Brown's biology exam revision study notes
This page will help you answer questions
such as ...
How does gas exchange take place in
plants? How does a plant absorb mineral
nutrients? How does a plant transport minerals
around in itself?
Sub-index for this
section on transport systems in plants
(1)
Types of plant cells and their organisation into tissues
and organs
(2)
Flowering plant transport systems structure,
function of plant xylem and phloem cells
(3)
Structure and function of roots, absorption and
necessity of nutrients, osmosis
experiment
(4)
The importance of minerals to
plants
- need for absorption of
nutrients through the roots -
investigating minerals and plants, effect of
mineral deficiencies, relevance of fertilisers
(5)
More on leaf adaptations to aid photosynthesis
and gas exchanges and factors affecting the rate of transpiration and the
function of the stomata and guard cells
(6)
An experiment to investigate the rate of transpiration
- using a potometer
See also
Diffusion, osmosis, transport and active transport
and detailed notes on
photosynthesis
Practical investigations you might have encountered
and learning objectives
-
investigating
potato slices in different concentrations of liquid in terms of mass gain
and mass loss - this is to illustrate the process of osmosis.
-
designing an investigation to measure the mass change of potato
when placed in a series of molarities of sucrose solution
-
investigating
the relationship between concentrations of sugar solution and change in
length of potato strips
-
placing shelled eggs in different concentrations
of liquid to observe the effect
-
placing slices of fresh beetroot in
different concentrations of liquid to observe the effect, and then taking
thin slices to observe the cells
-
observing guard cells and stomata using
nail varnish
-
observing water loss from plants by placing in a plastic bag
with cobalt chloride paper.
-
investigating flow rate in xylem
using celery, which can include calculation of flow rate
-
investigate the
content of artificial phloem and xylem given knowledge of the appropriate
tests
-
planning an investigation using a potometer to measure the effect of temperature
or wind speed on the
transpiration rate.
-
You should know that plant organs include stems,
roots and leaves.
-
Details of the internal
structure are only needed for the leaf.
-
Know the structure and function
of palisade cells and guard cells in plants.
-
Palisade cells contain
chlorophyll and are adapted for photosynthesis.
-
Guard cells are adapted to open
and close the pores which allow gas exchange and water evaporation.
-
You should know examples of plant tissues
including:
-
epidermal tissues, the outer
layers which cover
the whole plant,
-
mesophyll, between two epidermis
layers, where most photosynthesis happens,
-
xylem and phloem, which transport substances
around the plant eg sugars like sucrose and glucose, minerals and water.
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General PLANT BIOLOGY revision notes
Photosynthesis,
importance
explained, limiting factors affecting rate, leaf adaptations
Plant cells, transport, gas exchange in plants,
transpiration, absorption of nutrients, leaf & root structure
See also
Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exchange of
substances - examples fully explained
Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants (and
animals)
Hormone control of plant growth and uses of plant hormones
Plant diseases and defences against pathogens and pests
See also
Adaptations, lots explained including
plant examples
and a section on
Stem cells and uses - meristems in plants
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