| Type of Proton (R = alkyl) |
Structure |
Chemical Shift, ppm |
| cyclopropane |
C3H6 |
0.2 |
| alkane - primary
H, R = alkyl |
R-CH3 |
0.8 - 1.2 |
| alkane - secondary
H, R = alkyl |
R2-CH2 |
1.3 - 1.4 |
| alkane - tertiary
H, R = alkyl |
R3-C-H |
~1.5 |
| alkene -
H directly attached to C of double bond |
C=C-H |
4.5 - 6.0 |
| alkyne |
C C-H |
2 - 3 |
| aromatic (arene) |
Ar-H |
6 - 9 |
| aromatic - aliphatic on
ring e.g. C6H5CH3 |
Ar-C-H |
2.2 - 3 |
| alkene - methyl group on
the next carbon beyond C=C |
C=C-CH3 |
1.6 - 1.7 |
| alkene - next carbon
beyond C=C in longer chain |
C=C-CH2-R |
~2.3 |
|
fluorides |
H-C-F |
4 - 4.5 |
| chlorides |
H-C-Cl |
3 - 4 |
| bromides |
H-C-Br |
2.5 - 4 |
| iodides |
H-C-I |
2 - 4 |
| alcohols |
H-C-OH |
3.4 - 4 |
| ethers |
H-C-OR |
3.3 - 4 |
|
esters -
H on 1st C of alkyl/aryl group from
alcohol/phenol (can be quite varied) |
RCOO-C-H |
3.7 - 4.1 |
| esters -
H on 2nd C of the ...oate group |
H-C-COOR |
2 - 2.2 |
| methanoic acid |
H-C-COOH |
2 - 2.6 |
| carbonyl Compounds - C
next to C=O in ketones |
H-C-C=O |
2.0 - 2.7 |
| aldehyde |
R-(H-)C=O |
9 - 10 |
| hydroxy group in alcohols |
R-C-OH |
3.3 - 3.6 |
| phenols (hydroxy-arenes) |
Ar-OH |
4 - 12 |
| enolic |
C=C-OH |
15 - 17 |
| carboxylic acid |
RCOOH |
9 - 15 |
| amino - amine (very
variable) |
RNH2 |
1 - 6 |