infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) C3H9N (CH3)2CHNH2 prominent wavenumbers cm-1 detecting functional groups present finger print for identification of isopropylamine 2-propylamine 2-propanamine image diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine

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Interpreting the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane, 2-propanamine, 2-propylamine, isopropylamine)

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing infrared spectra of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane)

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Infrared spectroscopy - spectra index

infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) C3H9N (CH3)2CHNH2 wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of isopropylamine 2-propylamine 2-propanamine doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane). The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane), wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm^-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) - a primary aliphatic amine.

propan-2-amine, 2-aminopropane, 2-propylamine, 2-propanamine, isopropylamine, ,

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane)

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane)

At wavenumbers ~3500 to 3300 cm^-1 is a broad band for N-H bond stretching vibrations, characteristic of amines.

Primary amines have a highly polar bond (^δ-N-H^δ+) and the intermolecular forces are increased by permanent dipole - permanent dipole attractions including hydrogen bonding (N-H^δ+llll^δ-N-H) between the propan-2-amine molecules (diagram below).

The hydrogen bonding interferes with the N-H stretching vibrations producing the broad band peaking at around ~3400 cm^-1.

hydrogen bonding in aliphatic amines stronger intermolecular force bonds bonding higher boiling points compared to alkanes with no hydrogen bonding

Around 3000 to 2800 cm^-1 are absorptions due to C-H stretching vibrations - they overlap with the N-H stretching vibrations of propan-2-amine.

There are also characteristic bands due to N-H vibrations at wavenumbers ~1650 to 1580 cm^-1, often sharp, so do not confuse with the C=O vibrations from carbonyl compounds.

Absorption due to C-N vibrations, characteristic of C-N bonds in aliphatic amines like propan-2-amine occur at 1250 to 1020 cm^-1.

There are other N-H vibration absorptions at wavenumbers ~910 to 665 cm^-1,

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that a particular functional group is absent from the propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) molecular structure.

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