Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene C6H5Cl

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Interpreting the infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene C6H5Cl

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy analysis of chlorobenzene [spectra page updated Mar 22nd 2026 *]

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Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for chlorobenzene, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if chlorobenzene has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing chlorobenzene or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

C6H5Cl infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of chlorobenzene doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes 

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of chlorobenzene. The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of chlorobenzene and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of chlorobenzene.

chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, (c) doc b   monosubstituted benzene compound

The molecular structure and naming of aromatic compounds

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of chlorobenzene

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of chlorobenzene

C-H stretching vibrations of the benzene ring, wavenumbers 3080 to 3030 cm-1.

Several bands of strong absorptions with peaks at wavenumbers ~1500 and 1600 cm-1 from stretching vibrations of the benzene ring (NOT C=C as in alkenes).

Between wavenumbers 880 and 550 cm-1 are several overlapping absorption bands from C-H and C-Cl vibrations.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that particular functional group is absent from the chlorobenzene molecular structure.

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