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The shape and bond angles of the gaseous beryllium hydride molecule


Gaseous group 2 hydrides XQ2 (Q = H, X = Be or Mg)

Lewis dot and cross diagram for a group 2 hydride:  (c) doc b   *  (c) doc b

H-Be-H  and H-Mg-Hsymmetrical linear shape, bond angle 180o

From the periodic table and Z, the electron configurations are:

Be 1s22s2 , Mg 1s22s22p63s2 and H 1s1

Be and Mg are group 2 elements with two outer valence electrons and so can form two single covalent bonds - 2 bond pairs with hydrogen atoms - but no 'octet' of valence electrons around the central atom.

There are no lone pairs of non-bonding valence electrons.

Beryllium hydride is an electron deficient molecule with the two single covalent bonds of linear geometry from sp hybridisation.

VSEPR theory argument predicts a linear shaped H-Be-H (or H-Mg-H) molecule because there are only two groups of bonding electrons around the central atom mutually repelling other to the maximum angle of 180o (this assumes we are dealing an isolated molecule in the gaseous state).

There is also unstable gaseous MgH2 at high temperatures, magnesium is also in group 2 with an electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s2, so the predicted shape and bond angle are the same i.e. linear shape and bond angle 180o.)

When beryllium hydride or magnesium hydride are condensed they form solid stable complex polymeric structures.


Position of the elements beryllium and hydrogen in the Periodic Table

Pd s–block metals   p–block metals and non-metals

 (p-block old/new IUPAC group numbering)

Gp1 Gp2 Gp3/13 Gp4/14 Gp5/15 Gp6/16 Gp7/17 Gp0/18
1 [1H] (hydrogen does not really fit into any group) 2He
2 3Li 4Be   5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10Ne
3 11Na 12Mg Selected elements of the Periodic Table ZSymbol, Z = atomic/proton number

No d block, f block or period 7 elements are shown

13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl 18Ar
4 19K 20Ca 31Ga 32Ge 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr
5 37Rb 38Sr 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 53I 54Xe
6 55Cs 56Ba 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At 86Rn

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