OCR GCE A-level CHEMISTRY A

(advanced level chemistry specification syllabus, H432)

PLEASE REMEMBER THAT YOU NEED TO REVISE ALL of the two years work for the final A Level Examination - anything can come up!

 Doc Brown's Unofficial Support for OCR GCE A-Level Chemistry

OCR AS Chemistry A (separate page)

Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic - chemistry revision notes for the OCR A level chemistry course - my UNOFFICIAL HELP for this OCR A level chemistry UK based Advanced Level Chemistry Courses

Selected links to my Advanced Level Chemistry revision notes based on the three index pages ...

[ORGANIC CHEMISTRY] * [INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] * [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY]

PLEASE NOTE for students doing the OCR A level chemistry course.

1. My notes are not in anyway to be an alternative to your teacher, your textbooks or lesson notes for the OCR A level chemistry course.
2. BUT, sometimes a different presentation of a topic in your OCR A level chemistry course can help your understanding.
3. SO, a little 'study supplement' to your academic diet is freely available online via doc brown's website.
4. Scrolling down the page, you will find the links to my notes are organised to fit in with topic/unit/module headings in the order specified in the official syllabus-specification for the OCR A level chemistry course.
5. More links will be added over the next year and the A level chemistry notes expanded to cover more topics in the OCR A level chemistry course.
6. When following a link to potentially useful study material, also check out the sub-index links at the top or bottom of page.
7. You will find the [Google Search Box] at the bottom of the page very useful for looking up aspects of your OCR A level chemistry course.
8. I don't really have time to deliver extended responses to email questions, and do NOT ask for past papers for the OCR A level chemistry examinations though I will do my best to provide links to past papers as they appear on the OCR A level chemistry exam board website.
9. I don't mind queries or comments on my web pages irrespective of their usefulness to the OCR A level chemistry examination course.

Module 1 – Development of practical skills in chemistry

Module 2 – Foundations in chemistry

Module 3 – Periodic table and energy

Module 4 – Core organic chemistry

Module 5 – Physical chemistry and transition elements

Module 6 – Organic chemistry and analysis

Module 1 – Development of practical skills in chemistry (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Qualitative Analysis Tests for inorganic gases, ions (cations and anions) etc. (use alphabetical index)

Everyday examples of acids, alkalis, pH scale, Changes in pH in a neutralisation reaction

pH scale, strong/weak acids/bases, titrations - pH curves

Molarity, volumes and solution concentrations (and diagrams of apparatus)

How to do acid-alkali titration calculations, diagrams of apparatus, details of procedures

Chromatography - the basics of paper chromatography

Simple cells, notation and construction

Index of rates of reaction notes - kinetics (lots of basic stuff!!!)

Heating under reflux and fractional distillation - making an ester

Organic preparations involving oxidising agents

Module 2 – Foundations in chemistry (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 2.1 Atoms and reactions (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 2.1.1 Atomic structure and isotopes (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Atomic structure, sub-atomic particles, Bohr model and isotopes

Mass spectrometry - introduction (including determination of relative atomic mass)

What is relative atomic mass?, relative isotopic mass & calculating relative atomic mass

Module 2.1.2 Compounds, formulae and equations (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Equations and formulae - the basics of working them all out and a simple m/c quiz on balancing equations

Formulae - some common inorganic compound formulae

Ionic compounds - prediction of formulae from periodic table

Module 2.1.3 Amount of substance (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Chemical Calculations - Index (lots of pages to browse through, examples and quizzes on the basics!)

Introducing moles: The connection between moles, mass and formula mass - the basis of reacting mole ratio calculations (relating reacting masses and formula mass) including use of Avogadro Constant

Using moles to calculate empirical formula and deduce molecular formula of a compound/molecule (starting with reacting masses or % composition)

Moles and the molar volume of a gas, Avogadro's Law

Reacting gas volume ratios, Avogadro's Law and Gay-Lussac's Law (ratio of gaseous reactants-products)

Molarity, volumes and solution concentrations (and diagrams of apparatus)

water of crystallisation calculations

PVT calculations and PV = nRT calculations

% reaction yield * atom economy

Module 2.1.4 Acids (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, titrations - all the basics (8 linked pages of the basics)

Everyday examples of acids, alkalis & hazard warning signs

pH scale, indicator colours, ionic theory of acids, alkalis (bases) & neutralisation

Acid reactions with metals/oxides/hydroxides/carbonates, neutralisation reactions

Reactions of bases-alkalis like sodium hydroxide

Methods of making salts index and chemical tests for ions in salts & tests for common gases

Changes in pH in a neutralisation reaction, choice and use of indicators

Important formulae, salt solubility and water of crystallisation

More on acid-base theory and weak and strong acids and their properties

Molarity, volumes and solution concentrations (and diagrams of apparatus)

How to do volumetric titration calculations e.g. acid-alkali titrations (and diagrams of apparatus)

Titration Questions - acid-base (2 pages plus worked out answers)

Module 2.1.5 Redox (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Oxidation and reduction - Introduction to redox reactions (but only the electron definitions important)

Oxidation numbers & oxidation states and Redox reactions

Module 2.2 Electrons, bonding and structure (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 2.2.1 Electron structure (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Revision notes on all you need to know on ATOMIC STRUCTURE for advanced level

Electron configurations of elements (Z = 1 to 56), ions and the Periodic Table

Module 2.2.2 Bonding and structure (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Chemical bonding - introduction and index (6 linked pages) eg

Chemical bonding: Ionic Bonding – compounds and properties

Chemical bonding: Covalent Bonding – small simple molecules and their properties

More on covalent bonding - single, double & triple bond length & strength and dative covalent bonds

Electronegativity, bond polarity, type of chemical bonding

Molecule shapes and bond angles (3 linked pages)

Intermolecular bonding forces - an introduction

Intermolecular bonding forces - some further case studies

Evidence & theory for hydrogen bonding in covalent hydrides, importance in other molecules

Types of Crystal Structure and their relative physical properties

Module 3 – Periodic table and energy (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 3.1 Periodic Table (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 3.1.1 Periodicity (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Periodic Table - Introduction

Periodic Table - electronic basis - electron configurations of elements

Periodic Table - Physical property trends in Period 2

Periodic Table - Physical property trends in Period 3

Periodic Table - Important trends down a group

Covalent Bonding – macromolecules and giant covalent structures and  Graphene

Metallic Bonding – structure and properties of metals

Module 3.1.2 Group 2  (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Periodic Table - s-block including detailed notes on Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals (index of 3 linked pages)

Periodic Table - Important trends down a group

Module 3.1.3 The Halogens (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Periodic table The Group 7/17 halogens (index of 9 linked pages)

Module 3.1.4 Qualitative analysis (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Inorganic analysis - chemical tests for cations and chemical tests for anions (use alphabetical index)

Selected chemical tests for ions and common gases (handy summary for GCSE level)

Module 3.2 Physical chemistry (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 3.2.1 Enthalpy changes (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Index of ALL my energetics - thermochemistry - thermodynamics pages

Enthalpy changes - thermochemistry - Calorimetry experiments - Enthalpies of reaction, formation, combustion and bond dissociation are explained with exemplar calculations

Thermochemistry - Hess's Law and Enthalpy Calculations - reaction, combustion, formation etc.

Bond Enthalpy Calculations

Experimental methods for determining enthalpy changes and treatment of results

Some enthalpy data patterns

The combustion of linear alkanes and linear aliphatic alcohols

Some patterns in Bond Enthalpies and Bond Length

Enthalpies of Neutralisation

Enthalpies of Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and evidence of aromatic ring structure in benzene

A set of structured practice Enthalpy Questions

Fully worked out ANSWERS to the ΔH enthalpy Q's above

Module 3.2.2 Reaction rates - kinetics (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Kinetics - introduction to factors affecting the rates-speeds of chemical reactions (9 linked pages)

Kinetics - advanced collision theory

Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis

Module 3.2.3 Chemical equilibrium (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Starter GCSE Notes-reversible reactions-equilibrium

Chemical equilibria  introduction - reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle

Chemical equilibria - applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Industrial Processes

Chemical equilibria - writing K_c expressions and doing equilibrium expression calculations

Module 4 – Core organic chemistry (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 4.1 Basic concepts and hydrocarbons (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 4.1.1 Basic concepts of organic chemistry (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Functional Groups, organic molecule structure & representation & organic homologous series

Alkanes - molecular structure and naming (with quizzes)

Alcohols - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming

Alcohols - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry ALKENES

Alkenes - molecular structure and naming (with quizzes)

Alkenes - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming

Alkenes - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

Halogenoalkanes - naming and structure (3 linked pages and quizzes)

Halogenoalkanes - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming (nomenclature)

Halogenoalkanes - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of ALCOHOLS (and mention of ethers)

Alcohols - molecular structure and naming (2 pages, with quizzes)

Alcohols - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming

Alcohols - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

The Structure & Naming of AROMATIC Compounds, including nomenclature of isomers

Isomerism in organic chemistry: introduction, type definitions, examples explained (several useful linked pages)

Organic chemistry mechanisms - an introduction and technical terms explained

Module 4.1.2 Alkanes (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Alkanes - molecular structure and naming (with quizzes)

Alkanes - Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES

Alkanes - Type in name  Quiz on the structure & naming of ALKANES (and naming cycloalkanes)

Molecular structure - shapes of organic molecules and bond angles

Intermolecular forces/bonding - an introduction

Intermolecular forces/bonding - boiling point plots for six organic homologous series

Alkanes - complete combustion and incomplete combustion - pollution etc.

Organic chemistry mechanisms - an introduction and technical terms explained

Alkanes - free radical chlorination/bromination mechanism to give halogenoalkanes

Module 4.1.3 Alkenes (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry ALKENES including reactions and polymers

Alkenes - molecular structure and naming (with quiz)

Alkenes - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming

Alkenes - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

Molecular structure - shapes of organic molecules and bond angles

Alkenes - introduction to their chemistry and addition reactions (5 linked pages)

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide [HBr_{(conc. aq)} and HBr_{(g/non-polar solvent)}] to form halogenoalkanes

Electrophilic addition of bromine with pure bromine or in non-polar solvent (non-aqueous Br_2(l/solvent)) to give dibromoalkanes AND addition using bromine water [aqueous Br_2(aq)] to give bromo-alcohols

Electrophilic addition of water [acid catalyst] to form alcohols

Free radical polymerisation to give poly(alkene) polymers e.g. ethene ==> poly(ethene)

Hydrogenation to give saturated alkanes

Isomerism in organic chemistry: introduction, type definitions, examples explained (several useful pages) eg

Isomerism - E/Z and cis/trans stereoisomerism

Polymers - the basics of addition polymer chemistry and uses, recycling

Module 4.2 Alcohols, haloalkanes and analysis (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 4.2.1 Alcohols (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of ALCOHOLS (and mention of ethers)

Alcohols - molecular structure and naming (2 pages, with quizzes)

Alcohols - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming

Alcohols - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

Alcohols - Ethanol, manufacture, physical properties and introduction to its chemical reactions (the basics)

Alcohols - oxidation to give aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids (sections 9.1 to 9.3)

Intermolecular forces/bonding - an introduction

Intermolecular forces/bonding - some further case studies

Intermolecular forces/bonding - boiling point plots for six organic homologous series

Intermolecular forces/bonding - hydrogen bonding in molecules

Intermolecular forces/bonding - solubility of covalent compounds, miscible and immiscible liquids

Alcohols - elimination of water to give an alkene

Alcohols - conversion of an alcohol to a halogenoalkane

Module 4.2.2 Haloalkanes (halogenoalkanes) (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

Halogenoalkanes/haloalkanes - naming and structure (3 linked pages and quizzes)

Halogenoalkanes - Multiple choice Quiz on their structure and naming (nomenclature)

Halogenoalkanes - Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

Halogenoalkanes/haloalkanes - Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion

Ozone depletion due to CFCs

Module 4.2.3 Organic synthesis (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 4.2.4 Analytical techniques (IR and MS) (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Index of all spectroscopy pages and introduction

Introduction to mass spectrometry

Index of mass spectroscopy notes - examples of mass spectrometry of organic compounds

Index of infrared spectroscopy notes - analysis of infrared spectra of organic compounds

Module 5 – Physical chemistry and transition elements (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 5.1 Rates, equilibrium and pH (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 5.1.1 How fast? (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy

KINETICS - advanced collision theory and rates of reactions revision

Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations, deriving the activation energy E_a

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular kinetic energies (relate temperature & catalyst factors)

Obtaining rate data, interpreting data, deducing orders of reaction and rate expressions

The Arrhenius equation and calculating the activation energy E_a from kinetics–rates data

Module 5.1.2 How far? (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Chemical equilibria introduction - reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle

Chemical equilibria: applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Industrial Processes

Chemical equilibria: writing K_c expressions and doing equilibrium expression calculations

Chemical equilibria K_p equilibrium expressions and calculations

Module 5.1.3 Acids, Bases and buffers (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Equilibria:  Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theories

Self-ionisation of water and pH scale

Strong acids - examples and pH calculations

Weak acids - examples & pH, K_a and pK_a calculations

Strong bases - examples and pH calculations

Weak bases - examples and pH, K_b and pK_b calculations

Basic notes and equations on acids, bases, salts, uses of acid-base titrations - upgrade from GCSE!

Equilibria - Salt hydrolysis

Acid-base indicator theory, pH curves and titrations

Volumetric titration procedures and calculations e.g. acid-alkali titrations (and diagrams of apparatus and descriptions of procedures) and calculations

Buffers - definition, formulation and action

Buffer calculations

Case studies of buffer function

Module 5.2 Energy (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 5.2.1 Enthalpy (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

ΔH Enthalpies of ion hydration, solution, atomisation, lattice energy, electron affinity and the Born-Haber cycle

What happens when a salt dissolves in water and why?

Enthalpy cycles involving a salt dissolving

The Born-Haber Cycle

Module 5.2.2 Enthalpy and entropy & free energy (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Introduction to Entropy

Examples of entropy values and comments

ΔS, Entropy and change of state

ΔS, Entropy changes and the feasibility of a chemical change

More on ΔG, Free energy changes, feasibility and applications

Calculating equilibrium constants from free energy change

Kinetic stability versus thermodynamic feasibility

Module 5.2.3 Redox and electrode potentials (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Oxidation and reduction - Introduction to redox reactions (but only the electron definitions important)

Oxidation numbers & oxidation states and Redox reactions

Redox titrations - calculation questions and worked out answers

Redox equilibria, half-cell reactions and electrode potentials

Simple cells notation and construction

The hydrogen electrode and standard conditions

Half-cell potentials, Electrochemical Series and using E^θ_cell for reaction feasibility

Electrochemical cells ('batteries') and fuel cell systems

Module 5.3 Transition elements (GCE OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 5.3.1 Transition elements (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Introduction and index for the 3d-block and transition Metals and Data

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Vanadium

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Chromium

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Manganese

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Iron

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Cobalt

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Nickel

Chemistry of 3d block transition metals - Copper

Chemistry of other Transition Metals e.g. Ag and Pt

3d block Transition Metals - Complexes & ligands

3d block Transition Metals - Complexes and isomerism

3d block Transition Metals - Electron configuration & colour theory

3d block Transition Metals - Redox equations, feasibility, E^ψ

3d block Transition Metals - Catalysis

3d block Transition Metals - Redox equations

3d block Transition Metals - Colorimetric analysis and complex ion formula

Some 3d-block transition metal complexes, oxidation states & electrode potentials

3d block transition metals - Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures', formulae and equations

Module 5.3.2 Qualitative analysis (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Inorganic analysis - chemical tests for cations and chemical tests for anions (use alphabetical index)

Module 6 – Organic chemistry and analysis (GCE OCR A-Level Chemistry A)

Module 6.1 Aromatic compounds, carbonyls and acids (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 6.1.1 Aromatic compounds (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of all AROMATIC COMPOUND chemistry revision notes

Proof of the structure of benzene, aromaticity and electrophilic reactivity in arenes

Sources and synthesis of arenes and physical properties of arene aromatic hydrocarbons

Free radical addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene with hydrogen and chlorination of the methyl group of methylbenzene

Electrophilic substitution - nitration of benzene and methylbenzene, properties and uses of nitro-aromatics

Electrophilic substitution - ring halogenation of benzene & methylbenzene, properties & uses of aryl halides

Electrophilic substitution - acylation of arenes, properties & uses of aromatic ketones and aromatic aldehydes

The physical and chemical properties of phenol and some of its derivatives and their uses

Physical & chemical properties of phenylamine, selected derivatives including diazonium ions and dyes

The physical and chemical properties of benzoic acid and selected derivatives

The structure, properties and uses of polyesters and polyamides involving aromatic monomers

Examples of aromatic compounds from the pharmaceutical industry and those found in natural products

The orientation of products on putting a 2nd substituent into a monosubstituted benzene derivative

Aromatic chemistry: Structure and nomenclature

Aromatic chemistry:  Introduction to arene structure and electrophilic substitution mechanisms

Aromatic chemistry: Nitration to give nitro-aromatics like nitrobenzene

Aromatic chemistry: Chlorination to chloro-aromatics like chlorobenzene

Aromatic chemistry: Alkylation to give alkyl-aromatics like methylbenzene [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

Aromatic chemistry: Acylation to give aromatic ketones [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

Module 6.1.2 Carbonyl compounds (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of ALL revision notes on ALDEHYDES and KETONES

Revision notes on the Structure and Naming of Aldehydes and Ketones

Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones and intermolecular bonding forces

Methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones

The structure and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

(also includes the hydrolysis of the resulting nitriles to carboxylic acids)

The reduction of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH₄ and LiAlH₄ and reduction of nitriles

Examples of addition - elimination condensation reactions of aldehydes and ketones including with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for identification

The oxidation of aldehydes and ketones, link with chemical tests and the iodoform reaction

The uses of aldehydes and ketones and their occurrence in nature

Aldehydes & ketones: Their structure and naming (plus quizzes)

Aldehydes & ketones: Multiple choice on their structure and naming (nomenclature)

Aldehydes & ketones: Type in name Quiz on their nomenclature

Alcohols - oxidation to give aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids (sections 9.1 to 9.3)

Aldehydes & ketones: Carbonyl compounds - introduction to their chemistry

Aldehydes & ketones: Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to form a hydroxy-nitrile

Aldehydes & ketones: Addition of hydrogen - reduction NaBH₄ to give alcohols

Module 6.1.3 Carboxylic acids and esters (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of all revision notes on CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES

Structure & naming of carboxylic acids and derivatives

Physical properties of carboxylic acids - trends discussed & explained (mpts, bpts, solubility, odours!)

Synthetic routes & methods of preparing carboxylic acids

The weakly acidic nature and general reactions of carboxylic acids acting as acids

Selective reduction of carboxylic acids - use of products in organic synthesis

The chlorination/bromination of carboxylic acids, use of products in organic synthesis

Preparation & reactions of acid chlorides with water, alcohols, ammonia, amines & mechanisms

preparation of aspirin: Preparation and reactions of acid/acyl anhydrides, including making aspirin

Esters - preparation, reactions including hydrolysis and transesterification

Natural esters - triglyceride fats and oils, manufacture of margarine and biodiesel

The manufacture, molecular structure, properties and uses of polyesters

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Their structure and naming (and quizzes)

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Type in name Quiz on their structure and nomenclature

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Type in name Quiz on their structure and  nomenclature

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: common reactions and uses

Carboxylic acids - formation from oxidation of Alcohols (sections 9.1 to 9.3)

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Esters, chemistry and uses including perfumes

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Hydrolysis of acid chlorides with water to give a carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Esterification of acid chlorides with alcohols to give an ester

Carboxylic acids & derivatives: Amide formation from reaction of acid chlorides with ammonia or primary amines

Module 6.2 Nitrogen compounds, polymers and synthesis (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 6.2.1 Amines (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of all ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUND chemistry pages

Organic nitrogen compounds - structure, classification & naming

Halogenoalkanes - Nucleophilic substitution by ammonia/primary amine to give primary/secondary amines etc.

Reduction in organic synthesis  reactions

Module 6.2.2 Amino acids, amides and chirality (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of all ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUND chemistry pages

Organic nitrogen compounds - structure, classification & naming

Isomerism - R/S Optical Isomerism

Module 6.2.3 Polyesters and polyamides (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Organic nitrogen compounds - structure, classification & naming

Polymers - the basics of condensation polymers, nylon, terylene, comparing thermoplastics, fibres, thermosets

Module 6.2.4 Carbon-carbon bond formation (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of ALDEHYDES and KETONES

Aldehydes & ketones: Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to form a hydroxy-nitrile

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

Halogenoalkanes - Nucleophilic substitution by cyanide ion to give a nitrile

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Aromatic chemistry: Alkylation to give alkyl-aromatics like methylbenzene [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

Module 6.2.5 Organic synthesis (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Qualitative Analysis Tests for organic functional groups notes (use alphabetical index)

Preparation of an ester

Methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones

Preparation of phenylamine

preparation of aspirin: Preparation and reactions of acid/acyl anhydrides, including making aspirin

Module 6.3 Analysis (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Module 6.3.1 Chromatography and qualitative analysis (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Chromatography - the basics of paper, thin layer and gas chromatography

Qualitative Analysis Tests for organic functional groups notes (use alphabetical index)

Module 6.3.2 Spectroscopy (OCR A Level Chemistry A)

Index of all spectroscopy pages and introduction

Introduction to mass spectrometry

Index of mass spectroscopy notes - examples of mass spectrometry of organic compounds

Index of infrared spectroscopy notes - analysis of infrared spectra of organic compounds

Index of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ¹H NMR spectra of organic compounds

Index of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ¹³C NMR spectra of organic compounds

Analysis problems - combined techniques (some 'simple' examples) and answers

 Doc Brown's Chemistry 

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