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You should be familiar with
the idea that virtually all materials are made through chemical reactions
and many groups of substances are important for life in the 21st century - a
group called polymers is introduced in this unit.
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You should by now be able to represent compounds by formulae,
molecular models to show the shape of molecules and describe chemical
reactions with word equations.
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Know that the two elements chemically combined
in a hydrocarbon are carbon and hydrogen
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Be able to recognise a hydrocarbon from its
molecular or displayed formula.
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Know that alkanes are a group of hydrocarbons.
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Know the test for
unsaturation using bromine water (used as a simple test for alkenes, i.e. a
molecule with a double bond).
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Be able to recognise that alkenes are hydrocarbons.
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Be able to deduce the name of an addition
polymer given the name of the monomer and vice versa.
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You may have seen a demonstration of
preparation of nylon as an example of how monomers can form chains i.e. form a
polymer in a polymerisation process (BUT you must understanding that this is not an example of addition polymerisation).
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You may also have
encountered making the polymer PVA - affectionately known as 'slime'!
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and making poly(phenylethene),
commonly known as 'polystyrene'
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Know that large molecules, called polymers, are
made when many small molecules, called monomers, join together in a
polymerisation reaction.
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Remember that a hydrocarbon is
a compound formed between carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms only.
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HT only: Be able to describe a saturated compound as one which contains only single covalent bonds between
carbon atoms.
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If given the molecular or displayed formula of a atoms
be able to
explain why it is a hydrocarbon.
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HT only: Be able to describe an unsaturated compound as one
which contains at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms.
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Know that all that alkanes are hydrocarbons which contain
single covalent bonds only.
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Be able to interpret information
on displayed formulae of alkanes.
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HT only: Be able to interpret information
from the displayed formula of a saturated
hydrocarbon.
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Know
that alkenes are hydrocarbons which contain a double covalent bond(s) between
carbon atoms.
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Be able to interpret information
on the displayed formulae of alkenes.
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HT only: Be able to
interpret information from the displayed formula of an unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
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HT only: Be able to
explain the reaction between bromine and alkenes:
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Understand that double bonds involve two
shared pairs of electrons.
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Be able to describe how the reaction with bromine
can be used to test for an alkene:
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Be able to recognise the displayed formula for a polymer.
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HT only: Be able to match
monomers and polymers eg
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Be able to draw the displayed
formula of an addition polymer given the displayed formula of its monomer.
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Be able to draw
the displayed formula of a monomer given the displayed formula of its addition
polymer.
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Be able to describe addition polymerisation as a process
in which many alkene monomer molecules react together to give a polymer
and the process requires high
pressure and a catalyst.
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HT only: be able to explain addition
polymerisation in terms of addition of unsaturated molecules.
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Notes:
