Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic

1st DRAFT of My unofficial support for the CHEMISTRY of the single, double, triple-separate award courses of

OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite

Year 10 OCR GCSE Gateway Science and Year 11 OCR GCSE Gateway Additional Science and OCR GCSE Gateway Chemistry syllabus-specification

PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING VERY CAREFULLY

 This unofficial page I'm designing provides links to useful Chemistry sections on My site for the UK KS4 Science - OCR GCSE Gateway Science Suite: OCR GCSE Science B J640, OCR GCSE Additional Science B J641 and OCR GCSE Chemistry B J644. Over the past 7 years I've written lots of notes for the previous GCSE courses, but I'm sure they will still prove useful for the CHEMISTRY of the new GCSE-KS4 Science courses. PLEASE remember the notes are NOT complete and not just for your particular syllabus-specification, but are designed to cover, eventually, any Chemistry, Earth Science and Radioactivity of any GCSE syllabus-specification.

When you follow a link you will find some useful information on the web page about the topic you are researching. Sometimes the link goes straight to the relevant paragraph but otherwise use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at the top of each page. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles are taken from the official GCSE syllabus-specification which you can download from the OCR site. New word-fill worksheets and multiple choice (m/c) quizzes will be adapted from 'old' ones and new ones developed through 2008.

Further note that the new GCSE science-chemistry courses, particularly those in applied science, require much more detail in some topics than will appear in my notes, however, I hope my 'old' revision-information-research notes will help in some small way for individual students. My chemistry research-information-revision notes ALL are being slowly revised and extended-updated to cover the new chemistry material BUT I do not have time to deliver extended responses to email questions and please do NOT ask for past papers.

My on-site links on this page for the CHEMISTRY of the following syllabus specifications:

OCR GCSE Gateway Modular Science Suite:

OCR GCSE Science B J640 Modules C1 Carbon Chemistry and C2 Rocks and Metals

and OCR GCSE Additional Science B J641 Modules C3 The Periodic Table and C4 Chemical Economics

and OCR GCSE Chemistry B J644 Modules C5 How much? and C6 Chemistry out there

Other on-site link pages: OCR GCSE 21st Century Science or OCR GCSE Applied Science Double Award

full syllabus from http://www.ocr.org.uk/  *  EMAIL query?comment

My other Science-Chemistry syllabus unofficial support links

Useful GCSE mini site-map of Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic saveable to Desktop and all links work from Desktop

Modules C1 and C2 parts of OCR Gateway GCSE "Science"

Module C1: Carbon Chemistry

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

C1a Cooking

• Effect of heat on carbonates including sodium hydrogencarbonate (in baking powder).

• The characteristics of a chemical change.

• Chemical Tests - including that for carbon dioxide gas.

• Cooking and protein structure a few notes and diagram in section 5b.

C1b Food Additives

• A few notes on food additives in section 6c.

• See Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes Colloids in section 1b for a more detailed description of emulsions in general and in particular emulsifiers in margarine (section 5c).

C1c Smells

• Extra Organic Chemistry Notes - notes on using esters in perfumes in section 4a.

C1d Making Crude Oil Useful

• Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuels, polymers/plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc. See also Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey and Global warming discussion page. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

C1e Making Polymers

• Oil and useful products - notes on the structure and names of alkanes, alkenes and polymers/plastics etc.

C1f Designer Polymers

• Oil and useful products - notes on the uses of polymers/plastics and some of the associated problems etc.

• Other odd bits on the structure and uses of polymers: Extra Organic Chemistry Notes - sections 4b. and 4c. some dimension and strength ideas.

C1g Using Carbon Fuels

• Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuels, polymers/plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc. See also Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey and Global warming discussion page.

C1h Energy

• Notes on Energy changes-transfers in Chemical Reactions - Exothermic and endothermic energy changes, bond energy calculations, simple calorimetry, energy released by fuels and its measurement and calculation. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

Module C2: Rocks and Metals

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Salts - lots of formulae in section (8) and elsewhere on the page.

C2a Paints and Pigments

• Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes - section on colloids.

C2b Construction Materials

• Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes - section 1. on limestone.

• The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - section on economics and social and environmental issues.

• Earth Science Notes - section 2 on types of rocks.

C2c Does the Earth Move?

• Earth Science Notes - Lots of detailed notes and diagrams in sections 2., 4. to 9. on types of rocks, plate tectonics etc. etc.

C2d Metals and Alloys

• The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - the extraction of aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, sodium, titanium and zinc, method details and equations, and method related to reactivity of metal and environmental issues. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

• The Transition Metals and Uses of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium. Associated Quizzes and worksheets. (see also Extra Industrial Chemistry)

C2e Cars for scrap

• The Transition Metals and Uses of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium.

• The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and  Redox Reaction Notes - The reactions of metals with oxygen, water, rusting of iron and preventing its corrosion. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

C2f Clean Air

• Earth Science Notes - section 1 is on the atmosphere, current % composition and the evolution of our atmosphere.

• Oil and useful products - has several sections on fossil fuel burning, pollution and means of reducing atmospheric pollution.

C2g and C2h Faster or Slower (1) and (2)

• Factors affecting the rates-speeds of chemical reactions - the factors affecting reaction rates, experimental methods for obtaining data, graphs, energy change-reaction profiles and activation energies. Associated Quizzes and worksheets. See also enzymes, energy changes and coursework ideas & Ideas on risk assessment.

Modules C3 and C4 parts of OCR Gateway GCSE "Additional Science"

Students of OCR Gateway Additional Science also do/have done modules C1 to C2 above

Module C3: The Periodic Table

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

C3a What are atoms like?

• Atomic Structure Notes - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, electronic structure and the Periodic Table. Quizzes and worksheets on atomic structure.

• Summary of the Periodic Table - Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals. Quizzes and worksheets based on the Periodic Table.

C3b How atoms combine - Ionic Bonding

• Material structure and Types of Chemical Bonding - includes detailed notes on ionic bonding and properties of ionic compounds.

C3c Covalent bonding and the Structure of the Periodic Table

• Material structure and Types of Chemical Bonding - includes detailed notes on covalent bonding and properties of covalent compounds.

• Summary of the Periodic Table - Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals. Section 3. Quizzes and worksheets based on the Periodic Table.

C3d The Group 1 Elements - The Alkali Metals

• Group 1 The Alkali Metals Notes - Tabulated element data for lithium, sodium and potassium etc., physical and chemical properties of the metals, group trends, reactions with water, oxygen and chlorine, theory of group reactivity trend, compound formulae, uses of metals and compounds. Section 4. Quizzes and worksheets on the Alkali Metals.

• Chemical Identity Tests - includes flame tests for metal ions. Chemical hazard warning symbols

C3e The Group 7 Elements - The Halogens

• Group 7 The Halogens Notes - data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine, iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Section 8. Quizzes and worksheets on The Halogens.

C3f Electrolysis

• Extra notes on Electrochemistry  - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis, simple cells/batteries, fuel cells etc.

• The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - the extraction of aluminium and sodium by electrolysis.

C3g Transition Elements

• The Transition Metals and Uses of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium. Associated Quizzes and worksheets. (see also Sections 4. and 5. Extra Industrial Chemistry)

3h Metal Structures and Properties

• Material structure and Types of Chemical Bonding - including metallic bonding (including alloys) theory and examples.

• The Transition Metals and Uses of other metals - physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium. (see also Sections 4. and 5. Extra Industrial Chemistry)

Module C4 Chemical Economics

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Salts - lots of formulae in section (8) and elsewhere on the page.

C4a Acids and Bases

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol equations, salt preparations and equations. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

• Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes - uses of sulfuric/sulphuric acid.

• Ammonia synthesis, fertilisers - fertiliser ammonium salt preparation and use.

C4b Reacting Masses

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 15. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes. In particular section 2. relative formula mass, sections 3. & 6. on reacting mass and % & theoretical yield, section 14. % & theoretical yield

C4c Fertilisers and Crop Yield

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - section 6. salt preparations and equations. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

• Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes - uses of sulfuric/sulphuric acid.

• Ammonia synthesis, fertilisers - fertiliser ammonium salt preparation and use.

• ?

C4d Making ammonia - Haber Process and costs

• Ammonia synthesis, reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium notes - including reversible reactions, equilibrium theory, nitric acid manufacture, fertiliser ammonium salt preparation, problems with over-use or fertilisers. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

C4e Detergents

• nothing yet

C4f Batches or continuous

• nothing yet

C4g Nanochemistry

• Material structure and Types of Chemical Bonding - section on graphite, diamond and buckminster fullerenes amnd nanotubes.

C4h How pure is water

• Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes - bits and bobs on water in section 1 and section 4. point (4) making insoluble salts, whose chemistry coincides with that of some tests for ions.

• Chemical Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for ions e.g. chloride etc. and use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page.

 Modules C5 and C6 for OCR Gateway GCSE "Chemistry" or part of triple award

Students of OCR Gateway Chemistry also do/have done modules C1 to C4 above

Module C5: How Much?

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Salts - lots of formulae in section (8) and elsewhere on the page.

C5a Moles and Empirical Formulae

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 15. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes. Sections 2. formula mass,  4. % composition by mass of a compound,  section 5. empirical formula,  section 7. Introducing moles, sections 3. & 6. on reacting mass and % & theoretical yield,

C5b Electrolysis

• Extra notes on Electrochemistry  - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, electrode equations, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis.

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes.   Section 13. electrolysis calculations.

C5c Quantitative Analysis

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes. See  section 7. Introducing moles,  section 11. making up solutions, concentration & molarity and section 14. Apparatus & dilution calculations

C5d Titrations

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - Section (2) lists indicator colours and pH ranges and section (7) the change in pH when an acid reacts with an alkali.

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes.  section 7. Introducing moles,  section 11. making up solutions, concentration & molarity & section 12. acid-alkali titration - apparatus/analysis,  14. Apparatus & dilution calculations

C5e Gas Volumes

• Methods of preparing and collecting gases - Reactants, equations and use of gas syringes.

• Chemical Calculations - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and quizzes built into the notes.  Section 7. Introducing moles and  section 9. moles and gas volumes.

• Factors affecting the rates-speeds of chemical reactions - experimental methods for obtaining data and graphs including gas syringe for collecting gases and using a balance to measure mass loss as gas formed. Associated Quizzes and worksheets. See also coursework ideas & Ideas on risk assessment.

C5f Equilibria

• Ammonia synthesis, reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium notes - Sections 1. reversible reactions and section 2. equilibrium theory.

• Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes - Section 3. sulphuric acid manufacture uses of meta

C5g Strong and Weak Acids

• Water and Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes - section 3. acid-base theory, strong/weak acids/alkalis and how they are distinguished experimentally.

• Factors affecting the rates-speeds of chemical reactions - experimental methods for obtaining data.

C5h Ionic Equations

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - section on ionic equations. (keyword-phrase index at top of page)

• Chemical Identity Tests - Gives for ions with ionic equations and use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page.

• Water and Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes - Section 4. method (4) insoluble salt preparations with ionic equations.

Module C6: Chemistry Out There

Some general help sources throughout the module.

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Notes - Much basic chemistry on this page e.g. definitions and examples of atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, separation methods, physical & chemical changes and sections on 'how to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound. Quizzes and worksheets on element symbols, displayed formula and equations (click on icons - see key).

• Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Salts - lots of formulae in section (8) and elsewhere on the page.

C6a Energy Transfers - Fuel cells

• Notes on Energy changes-transfers in Chemical Reactions - Exothermic reactions releasing energy.

• Extra notes on Electrochemistry  - Section 5. Simple cells/batteries and fuel cells etc.

C6b Redox Reactions

• The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and  Redox Reaction Notes - The reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acids, displacement reactions, rusting of iron and preventing its corrosion, plus a detailed introduction to oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, simple cells etc.  The notes on each metal are listed in reactivity order. Associated Quizzes and worksheets.

C6c Alcohols

• Extra Organic Chemistry Notes - section 3. on alcohols and section 4. carboxylic acids and esters.

C6d Chemistry of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

• Group 7 The Halogens Notes - the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.  Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.

C6e Depletion of the ozone layer

• Extra Organic Chemistry Notes section 7. - CFC's and ozone layer.

C6f Hardness of water

• Water and Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes Section 1c - hard and soft water, causes, effects and removal.

C6g Natural fats and oils

• Extra Organic Chemistry Notes - Section 5c Oils and Fats.

C6h Analgesics

• Extra Organic Chemistry Notes - Section 6b Drugs - analgesic medicines like aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen.

OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry * OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry

SITE PURPOSE EDUCATION - online learning or 'self-private-tuition' involving SCIENCE in the areas of REVISING only the CHEMISTRY-Earth Science-Radioactivity at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic via HOMEPAGE in school, college or home. Hopefully it will encourage interest and understanding of Chemistry, Earth Science and Radioactivity in any country of the world, though the site is written entirely in English. The website is designed to help and unofficially support students/teachers revise-learn/teach the chemistry for modular or co-ordinated examination science courses from including this unofficial support page for the chemistry of the GCSE OCR Gateway Science, Additional Science and Chemistry courses and covers much of the revising, learning and teaching chemistry examinations for the national curriculum for secondary schools and colleges. The notes should also provide some background theory for a coursework assignment or project. BUT please note that my on-line revision notes and quizzes are no substitute for good classroom teaching-lecturing and thorough studying of your own notes and textbooks, practicing past papers and a copy of the syllabus which are readily downloaded from the examination board sites, but I hope here and there they will lend a tutoring hand on some topic, unit, module etc. For final revision you have to be intellectually honest about what you don't know or follow, YOU have to take the stuff to pieces, analyse what you do/do not understand and reconstruct it so it all makes sense in the end. There is no other way, there are no magic secrets on how to revise and learn, its mainly down to hard work and just good old fashioned study and employing teach-yourself strategies without the need for extra tutors and tutoring lessons. I also think there is too much hit and miss revision using past papers (which I do NOT supply) and not enough systematic revision. I also hope it will help teachers in planning lessons and developing schemes of work for science-chemistry. There are no lesson plans on the site but there are plenty of quizzes to incorporate into classroom activities whether photocopied or on electronic whiteboard projector for use as self-tuition-assessment purposes and a variety of teaching and learning styles and the images may be used in Microsoft Word documents and powerpoint projections. I have no interest or time in producing WORD.doc or xxxx.pdf files of the notes at the moment. Dr W P Brown

OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry * OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry OCR KS4 GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry