Doc Brown's Edexcel GCSE Science-Chemistry Revision Notes

EDEXCEL GCSE Chemistry Unit C3 Chemistry in action STUDY NOTES

Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 5 Organic chemistry Revision Notes

• 5.1 Be able to describe how ethanol is produced during the fermentation of carbohydrates, including:
  • a) that the fermentation mixture is kept warm and under anaerobic conditions
  • b) that yeast provides an enzyme for this reaction
• 5.2 Revise the investigation on preparing a solution of ethanol by fermentation.
• 5.3 Know that different percentages of ethanol are present in various drinks.
• 5.4 Be able to demonstrate an understanding of the social issues and possible harmful effects of ethanol in alcoholic drinks.
• 5.5 Be able to explain how to obtain a concentrated solution of ethanol by fractional distillation of the fermentation mixture.
• 5.6 HT only: Know how ethanol can also be manufactured by reacting ethene (from cracking of crude oil fractions) with steam.
• 5.7 HT only: Be able to evaluate the factors which are relevant to the choice of method used in the manufacture of ethanol, including:
  • a) the relative availability of sugar cane or sugar beet and crude oil
  • b) the quality of the final product and whether it needs further processing
• 5.8 HT only: Know that the dehydration of ethanol results in the formation of ethene.
• 5.9 Be able to define homologous series as a series of compounds which:
  • a) have the same general formula
  • b) show a gradual variation in physical properties as exemplified by their boiling points
  • c) have similar chemical properties
• 5.10 Know the names, formulae and structures of members of the following homologous series:
  • a) alkanes, up to 4 carbons atoms per molecule
  • b) alkenes, up to 3 carbons atoms per molecule
  • HT only: c) alcohols, up to 3 carbons atoms per molecule
  • HT only: d) carboxylic acids, up to 3 carbon atoms per molecule (no treatment of isomers is required in any of these series)
• 5.11 Be able to demonstrate an understanding that ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid and that this reaction occurs in open bottles of wine and in the production of ethanoic acid in vinegar.
• 5.12 Be able to describe the use of vinegar as a flavouring and as a preservative.
• 5.13 Be able to demonstrate an understanding that ethanoic acid is a typical acid, including:
  • a) its reaction with metals
  • b) its reaction with bases and carbonates to form salts (ethanoates)
  • c) its typical effect on indicators
• 5.14 Be able to describe the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid to produce an ester, ethyl ethanoate and water (HT only) including writing an equation for this reaction using molecular and structural formulae.
• 5.15 Be able to describe uses of:
  • a) esters as flavourings and perfumes, as they are pleasant- smelling
  • b) polyesters as fibres to make fabric and as plastics for making bottles (no consideration of the formation of polyester is required)
• 5.16 Be able to demonstrate an understanding that polyesters can be recycled to form fleece that is used to make clothing.
• 5.17 Know that oils and fats are esters.
• 5.18 Be able to describe the breaking down of oils and fats, by boiling with concentrated alkali solution, to produce soaps, which are sodium or potassium salts of long carbon chain carboxylic acids.
• 5.19 HT only: Be able to demonstrate an understanding of how a soap removes dirt or grease, including:
  • a) that part of the soap anion is hydrophobic and dissolves in dirt or grease
  • b) that the other part is hydrophilic and dissolves in water
• 5.20 HT only: Be able to demonstrate an understanding that liquid oils can be converted to solid fats by catalytic hydrogenation which removes the C=C unsaturation and that this process is used to manufacture margarine.

• Revision Notes and Quizzes to help you revise

  • Edexcel GCSE CHEMISTRY

  • When revising, these pages provide you with a summary of what you need to know and be able to do.

  • BUT remember, your primary source of revision are your class notes, investigations and Edexcel GCSE science textbooks.

  • Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Why so many series of organic compounds? Homologous Series

  • Alcohols - Ethanol - production - properties and reactions - mention of esters

  • Carboxylic acids eg ethanoic acid and esters

  • Oils, fats, margarine, emulsions and soaps

  • Water Chemistry Notes - section on soaps

• EDEXCEL GCSE Science CHEMISTRY 3 UNIT 3 C3 Chemistry in action INDEX

  • Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 1 Qualitative analysis

  • Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 2 Quantitative analysis

  • Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 3 Electrolytic processes

  • Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 4 Gases, equilibria and ammonia

  • Chemistry Unit C3 Topic 5 Organic chemistry

• ALL Edexcel GCSE Science Units: Edexcel GCSE Science Biology Unit B1 Influences on life

• Edexcel GCSE Science Biology Unit B2 The components of life  *  Edexcel GCSE Science Unit B3 Using biology

• Edexcel GCSE Science Unit C1 Chemistry in our world * Edexcel GCSE Science Unit C2 Discovering Chemistry

• Edexcel GCSE Science Unit C3 Chemistry in action * Edexcel GCSE Science Unit P1 Universal Physics

• Edexcel GCSE Science Unit P2 Physics for your future * Edexcel GCSE Science Unit P3 Applications of Physics

• GCSE Science-Chemistry courses AQA GCSE Science A CHEMISTRY *  EDEXCEL GCSE Science CHEMISTRY

• OCR GCSE 21st Century Science A CHEMISTRY  *  OCR GCSE Gateway Science B CHEMISTRY

• WJEC GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY  *  Northern Ireland CCEA GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY

• ** Doc Brown's Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Revision

• Website content copyright © Dr Phil Brown 2000-2013 All rights reserved on revision notes, puzzles, quizzes, worksheets, x-words, images etc. Copying of website material is not permitted