ALL my KS3 SCIENCE Revision Quizzes (~US K12 grades 6,7,8)

GCSE-IGCSE-KS4 Science-CHEMISTRY notes & quizzes (~US K12 grades 9-10)

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All my GCSE-IGCSE Science-CHEMISTRY etc. syllabus help links

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 Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic

WJEC GCE AS CHEMISTRY

WJEC Advanced Subsidiary Chemistry

(Welsh AS Chemistry syllabus-specification)

1st draft of my unofficial support links for the NEW WJEC GCE AS Advanced Subsidiary Chemistry Course starting September 2008

My unofficial support for this WJEC GCE AS Advanced Level Chemistry syllabus-Specification

Scroll down and each module, topic or unit is linked to potentially useful sections on this site

* WJEC A2 chemistry * WJEC GCSE science-CHEMISTRY *

 READ CAREFULLY  PLEASE remember that despite the fact that my 'A level' chemistry notes are far from complete, and as yet, do not even cover all the basics, but I think there is enough to start an unofficial support page. By clicking on the text and [ORGANIC], [INORGANIC], [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL] and [useful UK based GCSE/IGCSE revision notes] icon links you should find things to help on a particular topic.  The notes-quizzes are not just for your particular syllabus, but are designed to cover, eventually, any Chemistry in UK based advanced level pre-university chemistry specification so you need to pick out the bits which are useful for your syllabus.

 READ CAREFULLY  When you follow a link you will find some useful information on the web page about the topic you are researching. Sometimes the link goes straight to the relevant paragraph but otherwise use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at the top of each page. To return to this page you must click on the <== back on the browser link bar. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles below are taken from the official syllabuses which you can download from the appropriate site.

 READ CAREFULLY  My advanced level chemistry pre-university research-information-revision notes are ALL are being slowly revised and extended-updated to cover any 'A level' chemistry BUT I do not have time to deliver extended responses to email questions and please do NOT ask for past papers.

EMAIL query?comment

WJEC GCE Advanced Subsidiary Chemistry - Summary of AS Units and Contents Links

Unit CH1 Controlling and Using Chemical Changes:
(in order to make things, produce energy and solve environmental problems):

Topic 1.1 Basic ideas on atoms * Topic 1.2 Chemical Calculations

Topic 2.1 Chemical equilibrium and acid-base reactions * Topic 2.2 Energetics * Topic 2.3 Kinetics

Topic 3 Application of the principles studied in Unit 1 to problems encountered in the production of chemicals and energy

Unit CH2 Properties, Structure and bonding:

Topic 4.1 Chemical Bonding * Topic 4.2 Forces between molecules * Topic 4.3 Shapes of molecules * Topic 4.4 Solubility of compounds in water

Topic 5 Solid Structures

Topic 6.1 The Periodic Table * Topic 6.2 Trends in properties of the elements of the s-block and Group 7 (17)

Topic 7.1 Organic compounds and their reactions * Topic 7.2 Hydrocarbons * 7.3 Halogenoalkanes * Topic 7.4 Alcohols

Topic 8 Analytical Techniques

Unit CH1 Controlling and Using Chemical Changes

(in order to make things, produce energy and solve environmental problems)

Topic 1.1 Basic ideas on atoms (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. GCSE Atomic Structure Notes including mass spectrometry of elements - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, 'simple' electronic structure and the Periodic Table and mass spectrometry for isotope analysis and calculation of relative atomic mass (A_r) and measurement of molecular mass

2. Radioactivity and Nuclear Power - The structure of atoms linked to the properties and uses of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, radioisotope dating, half-life.  Sub-index and keywords at top of page

3. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks - ionization energy patterns, section on hydrogen spectrum and emission spectroscopy

Topic 1.2 Chemical Calculations (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. GCSE Atomic Structure Notes including mass spectrometry of elements - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, 'simple' electronic structure and the Periodic Table and mass spectrometry for isotope analysis and calculation of relative atomic mass (A_r) and measurement of molecular mass

2. Chemical Calculations index - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and multiple choice and type in answer quizzes links are built into the notes, designed up to higher GCSE and basic GCE-AS/IB calculations

3. section 1. Relative atomic mass (A_r) and isotopic mass

4. section 2. Relative formula mass and relative molecular mass (M_r)

5. section 3. Law of Conservation of Mass and simple reacting mass calculations

6. section 4. % composition by mass of a compound

7. section 5. Empirical formula from reacting masses

8. section 6. Reacting masses of reactants and products and actual percent % yield, theoretical yield and atom economy

9. section 7. Introducing moles - the connection of moles, mass and formula mass

10. section 8. Using moles to deduce empirical/molecular formula of a compound/molecule starting with reacting masses or % composition by mass

11. section 9. moles and molar gas volume and Avogadro's Law

12. section 10. Reacting gas volume ratios, Avogadro's Law and Gay-Lussac's Law

13. section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, dilution calculations, atom economy, volumetric titration apparatus, water of crystallisation, how much of reactants are needed? (sub-index near top of page)

Topic 2.1 Chemical equilibrium and acid-base reactions (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1.  Starter GCSE Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis

2. Advanced Chemistry Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

3. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes (can ignore the Kp/Kc equilibrium expressions and concentrate on the application of Le Chatelier's Principle to industrial processes)

4. GCSE Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol equations, salt preparations and equations.

5. Extra GCSE Aqueous Chemistry Notes - simple acid-base theory Sub-index at top of page

6. section 11. Making up solutions - concentration & molarity

7. section 12. Volumetric acid-alkali titration easy calculations - apparatus/analysis

8. Structured Question worksheet including acid-base volumetric titration calculations (answers)

Topic 2.2 Energetics (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry experiments and resulting data

2. GCSE Multiple choice quiz on Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

3. Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation Questions  (answers)

Topic 2.3 Kinetics (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. GCSE Notes for the basics of rates of reactions - kinetics

2. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction, deducing orders of reaction

3. Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - section 2. on enzymes (keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

Topic 3 Application of the principles studied in Unit 1 to problems encountered in the production of chemicals and energy (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes (can ignore the Kp/Kc equilibrium expressions and concentrate on the application of Le Chatelier's Principle to industrial processes)

2. Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - section 2. on enzymes (keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

3. Ammonia synthesis, reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium notes - including reversible reactions, equilibrium theory, nitric acid manufacture, reactions of ammonia and ammonium salts, fertiliser ammonium salt preparation, problems with over-use or fertilisers.

Unit CH2 Properties, Structure and bonding

Topic 4.1 Chemical Bonding (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Introduction to BONDING

2. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING and an ionic lattice

3. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties

4. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 includes introduction to electronegativity

Topic 4.2 Forces between molecules (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

Equilibria Part 8 Phase equilibria-vapour pressure, includes discussion of organic molecule examples - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces

Topic 4.3 Shapes of molecules (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on shapes and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on shape and bond angles in organic molecules

Topic 4.4 Solubility of compounds in water (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Water and solubility curves for salts that form aqueous solutions

Topic 5 Solid Structures (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING and an ionic lattice

2. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures and their properties and uses

3. Revision notes on the basics of Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals

Topic 6.1 The Periodic Table (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. GCSE Summary notes of the Periodic Table - A basic introduction: Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals.

2. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 1 "Historical Introduction" and the full modern periodic table

3. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks - ionization energy patterns, section on hydrogen spectrum and emission spectroscopy

4. Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals

5. Data-periodicity graphs for elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3 and start of Period 4

6.  periodicity graph for elements Z = 1-38 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4 and start of Period 5

7. The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and includes a simplified introduction to Redox Reaction

8. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 includes introduction to electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

Topic 6.2 Trends in properties of the elements of the s-block and Group 7 (17)

1. Group 1 The Alkali Metals Notes - Tabulated element data for lithium, sodium and potassium etc., physical and chemical properties of the metals, group trends, reactions with water, oxygen and chlorine, theory of group reactivity trend, compound formulae, uses of metals and compounds.

2. Periodic Table: detailed Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 7 Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals - detailed revision notes

3. Groups 1-2 data-group trend graphs

4. Multiple choice Quiz on Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals (easy start!)

5. Qualitative Analysis: Chemical Identity Tests - anions e.g. non-metal negative ions (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

6. Qualitative Analysis: Chemical Identity Tests - cations e.g. positive metal ions (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

7. Group 7 The Halogens - GCSE Notes - data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine, iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.

Topic 7.1 Organic compounds and their reactions (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils, hydrogenation of fats, soaps, Vitamin C, Drugs-analgesics, Food Additives and CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals. Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page and can be read as a basic introductory view of what 'organic chemistry' is all about without the need for too many concepts!

2. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry (look for 'general formulae' and links to organic molecular structure and nomenclature/naming pages)

3.  Organic Chemistry ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

4.  Organic Chemistry (1) STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

5.  Organic Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

6.  Organic Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (Ex 1a.1 discusses alkane isomers, intermolecular forces and boiling point)

7.  Organic Chemistry (1b) Positional isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

8.  Organic Chemistry (1c) Functional group isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

9.  Organic Chemistry (2) STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

10.  Organic Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

11. Equilibria Part 8 has a section on intermolecular forces - bond polarity, boiling point using organic molecules as examples

12. section 8. Using moles to deduce empirical/molecular formula of a compound/molecule starting with reacting masses or % composition by mass

13. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

14.  MECHANISM Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)

15. Qualitative Analysis: Tests for organic functional groups notes (use alphabetical index for homologous series, reagents etc.) (alphabetical keyword index at top of page)

Topic 7.2 Hydrocarbons (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. GCSE notes on Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuels-combustion, cracking to make alkenes, simple addition reactions of alkenes (bromine, hydrogen) and test for alkenes, polymers/uses of plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc. See also Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey and Global warming discussion page.

2. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

3. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes

4. Type in name Quiz on the structure & naming of ALKANES (and nomenclature of cycloalkanes)

5. Quiz on aspects of "Development of Fuels"

6. Quiz on aspects of the Petrochemical Industry

7. Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey

8. Gas Preparation Ex 10 Laboratory paraffin cracking experiment

9. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

10. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES

11. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of ALKENES

12.  MECHANISM Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)

13.  Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

14.  Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

15.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes to make bromoalkanes (introduction and example of electrophilic addition to alkenes) (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

16.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes with pure bromine to make dibromoalkanes  (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

17.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Elimination of hydrogen bromide to give an alkene (mechanism NOT needed but includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

Topic 7.3 Halogenoalkanes (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1.  Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

2. Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES/HALOALKANES and classification into primary (prim)/secondary (sec)/tertiary (tert) (including nomenclature of many isomers

3. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

4. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

5. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - section 7. on CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals

6.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes/alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion [S_N1 or S_N2, hydrolysis to alcohol] (introduction to, and example of, nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes) (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product

Topic 7.4 Alcohols (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS - Classification into primary (prim), secondary (sec) and tertiary (tert) - notes include isomers and other related compounds which may not be needed

2. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers which may not be needed)

3. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers which may not be needed)

4. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - introductory section on alcohols like ethanol

5.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Elimination of hydrogen bromide to give an alkene (mechanism NOT needed but includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

6. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

Topic 8 Analytical Techniques (WJEC GCE AS Chemistry)

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ALL my KS3 SCIENCE Revision Quizzes (~US K12 grades 6,7,8)

GCSE-IGCSE-KS4 Science-CHEMISTRY notes & quizzes (~US K12 grades 9-10)

Advanced Level CHEMISTRY GCE AS A2 IB notes and quizzes (~US K12 grades 11-12)

All my GCSE-IGCSE Science-CHEMISTRY etc. syllabus help links

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