Topic 2 Atomic structure

1. GCSE Atomic Structure Notes including mass spectrometry of elements - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, 'simple' electronic structure and the Periodic Table and mass spectrometry for isotope analysis and calculation of relative atomic mass (A_r)

2. GCSE multiple choice quiz on  Atomic structure, isotopes & 'simple' electronic structure of atoms

3. Radioactivity and Nuclear Power - includes properties and uses of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, radioisotope dating, half-life etc.

4. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - includes section on hydrogen spectrum and emission spectroscopy

Topic 3 Periodicity

1. Alphabetical Element name list with symbol and atomic number (Z)

2. Summary of the Periodic Table - A basic introduction: Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals.

3. Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals

4. Data-periodicity graphs for elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3 and start of Period 4

5.  periodicity graph for elements Z = 1-38 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4 and start of Period 5

6. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 section on electronegativity

7. Group 1 The Alkali Metals Notes - Tabulated element data for lithium, sodium and potassium etc., physical and chemical properties of the metals, group trends, reactions with water, oxygen and chlorine, theory of group reactivity trend, compound formulae, uses of metals and compounds.

8. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 7 Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals - detailed revision notes

9. Groups 1-2 data-group trend graphs

10. Multiple choice Quiz on Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals (easy start!)

11. Group 7 The Halogens Notes - data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine, iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.

Topic 4 Bonding

1. Introduction to BONDING

2. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING

3. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and small molecules

4. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures

5. Revision notes on the basics of Metallic BONDING

6. Revision notes on shapes and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on shape and bond angles in organic molecules

7. States of Matter: gas-liquid-solid revision notes

8.   Section on bond polarity in organic molecules, boiling point and intermolecular forces

Topic 5 Energetics

1. Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry experiments and resulting data

2. GCSE Multiple choice quiz on Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

3. Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation Questions  (answers)

Topic 6 Kinetics

1. Notes for the basics of rates of reactions

2. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts & heterogeneous catalyst, obtaining data

Topic 7 Equilibrium

1.  Starter GCSE Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis

2. Advanced Chemistry Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

3. Equilibria Part 2 K_c and K_p equilibrium expressions and calculations

4. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes

Topic 8 Acids and Bases

1. GCSE Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol equations, salt preparations and equations.

2. Extra GCSE Aqueous Chemistry Notes - simple acid-base theory, salt preparations.  Use sub-index at top of page.

3. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations

Topic 9 Oxidation and reduction

1. The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and  Redox Reaction Notes - The reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acids, displacement reactions, rusting of iron and preventing its corrosion, plus an introduction to oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, simple cells etc.  The notes on each metal are listed in reactivity order.

2. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

3. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 2 analysing and constructing full redox equations from half-cell reactions

4. Extra GCSE notes on Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis, electrode equations, simple cells/batteries, fuel cells etc.

Topic 10 Organic chemistry

1. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry

2. General test on type of Organic Molecule Recognition based on examples of structure and recognition of functional groups, including isomers, so the quiz is mainly on recognition of types of molecules and their structural features and classification

3.  Organic Chemistry ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

4.  Organic Chemistry (1) STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

5.  Organic Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

6.  Organic Chemistry (1b) Positional isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

7.  Organic Chemistry (1c) Functional group isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

8. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

9. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes

10. Type in name Quiz on the structure & naming of ALKANES (and nomenclature of cycloalkanes)

11. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

12. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES

13. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of ALKENES

14. Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes notes parts 1-3), including nomenclature of many isomers

15. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

16. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

17. Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (including classification into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols) and isomers, does include ethers, epoxy-alkanes which may not be needed

18. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS and ethers

19. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of aliphatic ALCOHOLS and ethers

20. Revision notes on the Structure and Naming of Aldehydes and Ketones, including nomenclature of isomers

21. Multiple choice on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of Aldehydes and Ketones

22. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

23. Revision notes on the structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES, including nomenclature of isomers

24. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES

25. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES

26. Matching pair Quiz on aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and ester structure (drag and drop/printout version)

27. Combined matching pair Exercises on organic molecular structure

28. GCSE notes on Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuel combustion, fossil fuels and environmental problems, polymerisation, polymers etc.

29.  MECHANISM Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference, also a reaction index)

30.  Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

31. ALIPHATIC ORGANIC STRUCTURE and NOMENCLATURE BUMPER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ - on most of aliphatic nomenclature based on 6 combined quizzes: alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives (amides, acid chlorides, esters etc.)

32. Type in name ALIPHATIC ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE BUMPER QUIZ - on most of aliphatic nomenclature based on 6 combined quizzes: alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives (amides, acid chlorides, esters etc.)

33. Tests for organic functional groups notes (use alphabetical index for homologous series, reagents etc.)

34. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

35. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

36.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes/alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion [S_N1 or S_N2, hydrolysis to alcohol] and  extra notes on kinetics, rds, molecularity, activated complex etc.

Topic 11 Measurements and data processing

1. -

Additional Higher Level Topics 12 to 20

Topic 12 Atomic structure

1. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks

Topic 13 Periodicity

1. Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals

2.  periodicity graph for elements Z = 1-38 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4 and start of Period 5

3. The Transition Metals and Uses of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium.

4. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 10a "3d block Transition Metals Series Introduction and Elements Sc to Mn on Period 4 - detailed revision notes

5. Part 10b 3d-block Transition Metals Fe to Zn - detailed revision notes

6. Part 10c Appendices on Transition Metals: Acidity of hexa-aqua ions * Complexes & ligands - the basics * The shapes of complexes and isomerism *  Electron configuration and colour theory * Redox equations, feasibility, calculating E^ø_reaction * Catalysis - homogeneous and heterogeneous examples and theory * Balancing redox equations * Stability Constants of complex ions * Colorimetry - quantitative analysis and determining the formula of a complex ion * Preparation of complexes

7. Part 10d Extra 3d block Transition Metals data table, examples of oxidation states in compounds and complexes - complex ions, electrode potential chart, and Hydroxide precipitate pictures

8.  Starter GCSE Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis

Topic 14 Bonding

1. Revision notes on shapes and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on shape and bond angles in organic molecules

Topic 15 Energetics

1. Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry experiments and resulting data

2. GCSE Multiple choice quiz on Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

3. Kinetic versus thermodynamic stability - includes example of free energy-entropy feasibility calculation

Topic 16 Kinetics

1. Notes for the basics of rates of reactions

2. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts & heterogeneous catalyst, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction, deducing orders of reaction

3. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations, deriving the activation energy E_a from kinetics-rates data and Kinetic versus thermodynamic stability

4.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes/alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion [S_N1 or S_N2, hydrolysis to alcohol] and  extra notes on kinetics, rds, molecularity, activated complex etc.

Topic 17 Equilibrium

1. Equilibria Part 8 Phase equilibria-vapour pressure, organic molecule examples - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces

2. Equilibria Part 2 K_c equilibrium expressions and calculations

3. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations

4. Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis, Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers

Topic 18 Acids and Bases

1. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations

2. Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis, Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers

3. Part 10c Appendices on Transition Metals: Appendix 1. Acidity of hexa-aqua ions

4. Structured Question worksheet on Acid-Base volumetric titration calculations (answers) needed I assume?

Topic 19 Oxidation and reduction

1. Equilibrium Part 7 Redox equilibria, half-cell electrode potentials, predicting feasibility of a reaction, electrolysis and electrochemical series

2. Extra GCSE notes on Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis, electrode equations, simple cells/batteries, fuel cells etc.

3. section 13. electrolysis calculations

Topic 20 Organic Chemistry

1. Revision notes on the Structure, Classification and Naming of Organic Nitrogen Compounds, including nomenclature of isomers

2. Multiple choice quiz on the Classification, Structure and Naming (nomenclature) of Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

3. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

4.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes/alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion [S_N1 or S_N2, hydrolysis to alcohol] and  extra notes on kinetics, rds, molecularity, activated complex etc.

5.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by cyanide ion to make a nitrile

6.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by ammonia to make a primary amine

7. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including reduction of nitriles (use top summary table index)

8.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Elimination of hydrogen bromide to give an alkene

9. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - brief notes organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers  Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

10.  Organic Chemistry (2) STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

11.  Organic Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

12.  Organic Chemistry (2b) Optical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

13. Spotting optical isomers Q (hand written) (answers)

Options Standard Level/Higher Level: SL and HL Options

A Modern Analytical Chemistry

1. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" -  section on hydrogen spectrum and emission spectroscopy

2. NMR problem solving

3. Methods of separating mixtures including chromatography (use index at top)

4. Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - short section on chemical analysis e.g. glc gas chromatography, emission spectroscopy and section on chemical economics etc. (use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

5. HL only Part 10c Appendices on Transition Metals: Sections on:  Electron configuration and colour theory * Colorimetry - quantitative analysis and determining the formula of a complex ion

6. HL only NMR problem solving

B Human Biochemistry

1.  (2c) Other organic stereochemistry including amino acids-proteins-polypeptides-enzymes (including enzyme inhibition)

2. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes -  carbohydrates, sugars Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

3. HL only KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations including enzymes

4. HL only Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - section on enzymes (use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the

C Chemistry in industry and technology

1. The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - the extraction of aluminium, chromium, copper (and electrolysis  purification), iron, sodium, titanium and zinc, method details and equations, and method related to reactivity of metal and environmental and economic issues. (use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

2. Revision notes on the basics of Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals

3.  (2c) Other organic stereochemistry including isotactic/atactic/syndiotactic poly(propene)

4. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes - section on homogeneous catalysts & heterogeneous catalysts

5. HL only  Mechanism of free radical polymerisation of alkenes to form a poly(alkene) polymer

D Medicines and drugs

1. HL only Part 10b 3d-block Transition Metals Fe to Zn - detailed revision notes + brief notes on other transition elements - mention of cis-platin

2. HL only  Organic Chemistry (2) STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

3. HL only  Organic Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

4. HL only  Organic Chemistry (2b) Optical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

5. HL only Spotting optical isomers Q (hand written) (answers)

6. HL only  Organic stereochemistry including section 2b.4 on Thalidomide

7. HL only  chiral auxiliaries and  combinational chemistry

E Environmental chemistry

1. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - short section on CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals.  Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

F Food Chemistry

1. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - a few 'bits' on natural fats & oils, hydrogenation of fats, food aditives  Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

G Further organic chemistry

1.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes to make bromoalkanes

2.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes with pure bromine to make dibromoalkanes

3.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes using bromine water to make bromo-alcohols

4.  Mechanism: Carbonyl compounds - aldehydes/ketones nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to give a hydroxynitrile

5.  Mechanism: Alcohols - elimination of water to make an alkene [acid catalysed dehydration]

6.  MECHANISMS AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - introduction to arene electrophilic substitution mechanisms

7. HL only  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - hydrolysis with water to give a carboxylic acid

8. HL only  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - esterification with alcohols

9. HL only  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - amide formation with ammonia or primary amines

10. HL only  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene introduction to electrophilic substitution and nitration to form nitro-aromatic compounds

11. HL only  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution chlorination to give halogenoarenes  (similar for bromine, just swap Cl with Br)

12. HL only  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution alkylation [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

13. HL only  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution acylation [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

GENERAL REVISION NOTES

International Baccalaureate Chemistry Diploma Programme of Chemistry unofficial support for this IB chemistry syllabus-specification with Links to revision note pages that may help with the core and option topics for Standard Level (SL) and Additional Higher Level (AHL) revision courses at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic International Baccalaureate Chemistry Diploma Programme of Chemistry unofficial support for this IB chemistry syllabus-specification with Links to revision note pages that may help with the core and option topics for Standard Level (SL) and Additional Higher Level (AHL) revision courses at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic International Baccalaureate Chemistry Diploma Programme of Chemistry unofficial support for this IB chemistry syllabus-specification with Links to revision note pages that may help with the core and option topics for Standard Level (SL) and Additional Higher Level (AHL) revision courses at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic International Baccalaureate Chemistry Diploma Programme of Chemistry unofficial support for this IB chemistry syllabus-specification with Links to revision note pages that may help with the core and option topics for Standard Level (SL) and Additional Higher Level (AHL) revision courses at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic

* Copyright © Dr W P Brown 2000-2008 All rights reserved for the revision notes pages, quizzes, worksheets etc. * Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic * www.docbrown.info/ *