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Doc Brown's Chemistry
Edexcel GCE A2 CHEMISTRY 9CH01
Edexcel GCE AS advanced
subsidiary chemistry
course
My unofficial support for this
Edexcel GCE A2 chemistry syllabus. Scroll down and each
module, topic or unit of the specification is linked to potentially
useful sections on this site.
EDEXCEL GCE AS chemistry
* Edexcel 360 GCSE
science-CHEMISTRY
READ
CAREFULLY My 'A
level' chemistry notes are far from complete BUT by
clicking on the links for [ORGANIC],
[INORGANIC], [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL]
and [useful UK based GCSE/IGCSE revision notes]
you should find things to help on a particular topic. By following a link you will find some useful information
and use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at
the top of each page. To return to this
page click on the <== back on the browser link bar. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles
are taken from the official syllabus. I do not have time to deliver extended
responses to email questions and do NOT ask for past papers. *
EMAIL
query?comment
Summary of Edexcel GCE A2
CHEMISTRY Units and Contents Links
A2 Unit 4:
General Principles of Chemistry I — Rates, Equilibria and Further
Organic Chemistry
Rates
* Entropy * Equilibria
* Applications of Rates and Equilibrium
Acid/Base Equilibria * Chirality *
Carbonyl Compounds *
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives * Spectroscopy
and Chromatography
A2 Unit 5:
General Principles of Chemistry II — Transition Metals and Organic
Nitrogen Chemistry
Application of Redox Equilibria * Transition
Metals and their Chemistry
Arenes:
Benzene * Organic nitrogen compounds: amines,
amides, amino acids, proteins
Organic Synthesis
A2 Unit 6:
Chemistry Laboratory Skills II

A2 Unit 4:
General Principles of Chemistry I — Rates, Equilibria and Further
Organic Chemistry
Rates
* Entropy * Equilibria
* Applications of Rates and Equilibrium *
Acid/Base Equilibria *
Chirality * Carbonyl Compounds *
Carboxylic Acids *
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives * Spectroscopy
and Chromatography

Rates
-
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts
and heterogeneous
catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction,
deducing orders of reaction See also computer
simulation of Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of kinetic energies
-
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes:
Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations, deriving the activation energy Ea
from kinetics-rates data and Kinetic versus thermodynamic

Entropy
-
Thermodynamics Part
3 ΔS Entropy and ΔG Free Energy Changes

Equilibria
-
Equilibria Part 1.
Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
-
Equilibria
Part 2 Kc and Kp equilibrium expressions and
calculations

Applications
of Rates and Equilibrium
-
Equilibria Part 3
equilibrium and industrial processes
(can ignore the Kp/Kc equilibrium expressions and concentrate on the
application of Le Chatelier's Principle to industrial processes if don't
need know about them) See also computer
simulation of ammonia equilibrium composition

Acid/Base
Equilibria
-
Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong
acid-base theory (Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry) and Ka,
kb and Kw
equilibrium calculations
-
Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis,
Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers

Chirality
-
Organic
Chemistry (2)
STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (E/Z) was called cis/trans) (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (2b) Optical
Isomerism (R/S isomerism) (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Spotting optical isomers Q (hand written!) (answers)

Carbonyl
Compounds
-
Revision notes on the
Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds Aldehydes and Ketones
-
Multiple choice on the structure and naming
(nomenclature) of Aldehydes and Ketones
-
Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
-
Ex. 4.
Matching pair Quiz on aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acid and ester structure
-
Qualitative Analysis: Tests for organic
functional groups notes (use alphabetical index for homologous series,
reagents etc.) (alphabetical keyword index at top of page)
-
Mechanism: Carbonyl
compounds - aldehydes/ketones nucleophilic addition of
hydrogen cyanide to give a hydroxynitrile (includes
reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation)

Carboxylic
Acids
-
Revision notes on the
structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES,
including nomenclature of isomers
-
Multiple choice Quiz
on the Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES
-
Type in name Quiz on
the nomenclature of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES
-
Ex. 4.
Matching pair Quiz on aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acid and ester structure
-
Ex. 5 Matching
pair quiz on organic molecular structure
(combination of Ex. 1., 2. and 4.)
-
Organic synthesis
redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols to
aldehydes/ketones/carboxylic acids, reduction of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids to alcohols (use top summary table index
and links)
-
Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes
- preparation of an ester

Carboxylic Acid
Derivatives
-
Revision notes on the
structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES,
including nomenclature of isomers
-
Mechanism: Acid
chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - hydrolysis with water
to give a carboxylic acid
(general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)
MECHANISMs NOT NEEDED
-
Mechanism: Acid
chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - esterification with alcohols
(general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)
MECHANISMs NOT NEEDED
-
Mechanism: Acid
chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - amide formation with ammonia
or primary amines
(general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)
MECHANISMs NOT NEEDED

Spectroscopy
and Chromatography
-
Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes
includes section on glc gas-liquid chromatography (section 6.)
A2 Unit 5:
General Principles of Chemistry II — Transition Metals and Organic
Nitrogen Chemistry
Application of Redox Equilibria * Transition
Metals and their Chemistry * Arenes: Benzene
* Organic nitrogen compounds: amines, amides, amino
acids, proteins *
Organic
Synthesis

Application of
Redox Equilibria
-
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 1 includes introduction to electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation
state/oxidation number changes
-
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 2 analysing and constructing full
redox equations from half-cell reactions
-
Equilibrium Part 7 Redox equilibria, half-cell electrode potentials,
predicting feasibility of a reaction (use top index)
-
Kinetic versus thermodynamic stability
- includes example of free energy-entropy feasibility calculation
-
redox titration
calculation questions (all with worked out answers)
-
Experimental style - redox titration
(ans) based on Q1 of above

Transition
Metals and their Chemistry
-
INORGANIC
Part 10 3d block TRANSITION METALS sub-index: 10.1-10.2
Introduction 3d-block Transition Metals * 10.3
Scandium
* 10.4 Titanium * 10.5
Vanadium * 10.6
Chromium
* 10.7 Manganese * 10.8
Iron * 10.9
Cobalt
* 10.10 Nickel
* 10.11 Copper * 10.12
Zinc
* 10.13 Other Transition Metals e.g. Ag and Pt
-
TRANSITION METALS continued:
Appendix 1.
Hydrated salts, acidity of
hexa-aqua ions * Appendix 2. Complexes
& ligands * Appendix 3. Complexes and isomerism * Appendix 4.
Electron configuration & colour theory *
Appendix 5. Redox
equations, feasibility, Eø * Appendix 6.
Catalysis * Appendix 7.
Redox
equations
* Appendix 8. Stability Constants and entropy
changes *
Appendix 9. Colorimetric analysis
and complex ion formula * Appendix 10
3d block - extended data
* Appendix 11 Some 3d-block compounds, complexes, oxidation states
& electrode potential chart * Appendix 12
Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures',
formulae and equations

Arenes: Benzene
-
Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds,
including nomenclature of isomers
-
Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
-
Ex. 1. Matching pair Quiz on
hydrocarbon structure
-
Enthalpies of hydrogenation as evidence for benzene ring structure in
section 1.4d
-
MECHANISMS AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
- introduction to arene electrophilic substitution mechanisms links to various reactions
including equation and reaction conditions
-
Mechanism: Aromatic
hydrocarbons - arene introduction to electrophilic substitution and nitration
to form nitro-aromatic compounds
(basic equation, reagents and reaction conditions given)
-
Mechanism: Aromatic
hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution chlorination to give
halogenoarenes
(similar for bromine, just swap Cl with Br)
(basic equation, reagents and reaction conditions given)
-
Mechanism: Aromatic
hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution alkylation
[Friedel-Crafts reaction]
(basic equation, reagents and reaction conditions given)
-
Mechanism: Aromatic
hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution acylation
[Friedel-Crafts reaction]
(basic equation, reagents and reaction conditions given)
-
Mechanism: Aromatic
hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution aromatic sulphonation/sulfonation
to give sulphonic/sulfonic acids
(basic equation, reagents and reaction conditions given)
MECHANISM NOT NEEDED

Organic
nitrogen compounds: amines, amides, amino acids and proteins
-
Revision notes on the Structure, Classification and Naming of
Organic Nitrogen Compounds,
including nomenclature of isomers
-
Reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds to aromatic amines for dyestuffs
industry in section 8.5
-
Amino acids-proteins-polypeptides-enzymes

Organic
Synthesis
-
A summary of
homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry
(look for 'general formulae' and links to organic molecular structure and
nomenclature/naming pages)
-
General QUIZ on type of Organic Molecule Recognition based on examples of structure and
recognition of functional groups, including isomers, so the quiz is mainly
on recognition of types of molecules and their structural features and
classification
-

section 8.
Using
moles to deduce empirical/molecular formula of a compound/molecule starting with
reacting masses or % composition by mass
-
A
set of jumbled of molecules and reagents to arrange as a viable synthesis
route (a little 'experimental
Q'!)
-
Simple
NMR problem solving with % composition and infra-red absorption data

A2 Unit 6:
Chemistry Laboratory Skills II
-
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