Doc Brown's Chemistry

CCEA GCE AS Advanced Subsidiary CHEMISTRY 1110

My unofficial support for this CCEA/CEA advanced level AS chemistry syllabus (NI, Northern Ireland). Scroll down and each module, topic or unit of the specification is linked to potentially useful sections on this site

CCEA A2 Chemistry NEW syllabus * CCEA GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY

 READ CAREFULLY  My 'A level' chemistry notes are far from complete BUT by clicking on the links for [ORGANIC], [INORGANIC], [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL] and [useful UK based GCSE/IGCSE revision notes] you should find things to help on a particular topic.  By following a link you will find some useful information and use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at the top of each page. To return to this page click on the <== back on the browser link bar. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles are taken from the official syllabus. I do not have time to deliver extended responses to email questions and do NOT ask for past papers. * EMAIL query?comment

CCEA Advanced Subsidiary Chemistry - Summary of AS Units and Contents Links

Unit AS 1: Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

1.1 Formulae, equations and amounts of substance * 1.2 Atomic Structure * 1.3 Bonding and Structure

1.4 Shapes of Molecules and Ions * 1.5 Intermolecular forces * 1.6 Redox * 1.7 The Periodic Table

1.8 Group VII (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) * 1.9 Titrations

Unit AS 2: Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

2.1 Formulae and Amount of substance * 2.2 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Compounds

2.3 Hydrocarbons - Alkanes * 2.4 Hydrocarbons - Alkenes * 2.5 Halogeno-alkanes (halogenoalkanes)

2.6 Alcohols * 2.7 Infra-red Spectroscopy * 2.8 Energetics * 2.9 Equilibrium * 2.10 Kinetics

2.11 Group II Elements and their Compounds (Mg to Ba) * 2.12 Qualitative Analysis

Unit AS 3: Internal Assessment

Unit AS 1: Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

1.1 Formulae, equations and amounts of substance * 1.2 Atomic Structure * 1.3 Bonding and Structure * 1.4 Shapes of Molecules and Ions * 1.5 Intermolecular forces * 1.6 Redox * 1.7 The Periodic Table * 1.8 Group VII (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) * 1.9 Titrations

syllabus Unit 1.1 Formulae, equations and amounts of substance (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. How to understand and write chemical equations including ionic equations and work out molecular and ionic formulae from valencies or ion charges

2. Chemical Calculations index - 1. to 16. sections of explanation-examples and multiple choice and type in answer quizzes links are built into the notes, designed up to higher GCSE and basic GCE-AS/IB calculations

3. section 2. Relative formula mass and relative molecular mass (M_r)

4. section 3. Law of Conservation of Mass and simple reacting mass calculations

5. section 4. % composition by mass of a compound

6. section 7. Introducing moles - the connection of moles, mass and formula mass

7. section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, dilution calculations, atom economy, volumetric titration apparatus, water of crystallisation, how much of reactants are needed? (sub-index near top of page)

syllabus Unit 1.2 Atomic Structure (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. section 1. Relative atomic mass (A_r) and isotopic mass

2. GCSE Atomic Structure Notes including mass spectrometry of elements - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, 'simple' electronic structure and the Periodic Table and mass spectrometry for isotope analysis and calculation of relative atomic mass (A_r) and measurement of molecular mass

3. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks - ionization energy patterns

4. Qualitative Analysis: Chemical Identity Tests - cations e.g. flame tests for positive metal ions (cations) (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

syllabus Unit 1.3 Bonding and Structure (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Introduction to BONDING

2. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING and an ionic lattice

3. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties

4. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures and their properties and uses

5. Revision notes on the basics of Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals

syllabus Unit 1.4 Shapes of Molecules and Ions (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Revision notes on shapes and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on shape and bond angles in organic molecules

syllabus Unit 1.5 Intermolecular forces (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

Equilibria Part 8 Organic molecule examples - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces

syllabus Unit 1.6 Redox (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and a simplified introduction to Redox Reaction - The reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acids, displacement reactions, rusting of iron and preventing its corrosion, plus an introduction to oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, simple cells etc.  The notes on each metal are listed in reactivity order.

2. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

3. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 2 analysing and constructing full redox equations from half-cell reactions

syllabus Unit 1.7 The Periodic Table (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. GCSE Summary notes of the Periodic Table - A basic introduction: Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals.

2. Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals

3. Data-periodicity graphs for elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3 and start of Period 4

4.  periodicity graph for elements Z = 1-38 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4 and start of Period 5

5. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 1 "Historical Introduction" and the full modern periodic table

6. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks (3 linked pages)

7. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 4 "Survey of Period 2 Elements and Trends" (3 linked pages)

8. Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 5 "Survey of Period 3 Elements and Trends" (3 linked pages)

syllabus Unit 1.8 Group VII (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) (CCEA AS chemistry)

1. Part 9 Group 7/17 The Halogens 9.1 Introduction, trends & Group 7/17 data * 9.2 Halogen displacement reaction and reactivity trend  * 9.3 Reactions of halogens with other elements * 9.4 Reaction between halide salts and conc. sulfuric acid * 9.5 Tests for halogens and halide ions * 9.6 Extraction of halogens from natural sources * 9.7 Uses of halogens & compounds * 9.8 Oxidation & Reduction - more on redox reactions of halogens & halide ions * 9.9 Volumetric analysis - titrations involving halogens or halide ions * 9.10 Ozone, CFC's and halogen organic chemistry links * 9.11 Chemical bonding in halogen compounds * 9.12 Miscellaneous aspects of halogen chemistry

syllabus Unit 1.9 Titrations (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. section 11. Making up solutions - concentration & molarity

2. section 12. Volumetric acid-alkali titration easy calculations - apparatus/analysis

3. Structured Question worksheet including acid-base volumetric titration calculations (answers)

Unit AS 2: Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

2.1 Formulae and Amount of substance * 2.2 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Compounds * 2.3 Hydrocarbons - Alkanes * 2.4 Hydrocarbons - Alkenes * 2.5 Halogeno-alkanes (halogenoalkanes) * 2.6 Alcohols * 2.7 Infra-red Spectroscopy * 2.8 Energetics * 2.9 Equilibrium * 2.10 Kinetics * 2.11 Group II Elements and their Compounds (Mg to Ba) * 2.12 Qualitative Analysis

syllabus Unit 2.1 Formulae and Amount of substance (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. section 4. % composition by mass of a compound

2. section 5. Empirical formula from reacting masses

3. section 6. Reacting masses of reactants and products and actual percent % yield, theoretical yield and atom economy

4. section 9. moles and molar gas volume and Avogadro's Law

5. section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, atom economy, how much of reactants are needed? (sub-index near top of page)

syllabus Unit 2.2 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Compounds (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils, hydrogenation of fats, soaps, Vitamin C, Drugs-analgesics, Food Additives and CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals. Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page and can be read as a basic introductory view of what 'organic chemistry' is all about without the need for too many concepts!

2. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry (look for 'general formulae' and links to nomenclature revision notes pages and naming quizzes)

3.  Organic Chemistry ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

4.  Organic Chemistry (1) STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

5.  Organic Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

6.  Organic Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (Ex 1a.1 discusses alkane isomers, intermolecular forces and boiling point)

7.  Organic Chemistry (1b) Positional isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

8.  Organic Chemistry (1c) Functional group isomerism (use sub-index at top of page)

9.  Organic Chemistry (2) STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

10.  Organic Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (cis/trans E/Z) (use sub-index at top of page)

syllabus Unit 2.3 Hydrocarbons - Alkanes (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. GCSE notes on Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuels-combustion, cracking to make alkenes, simple addition reactions of alkenes (bromine, hydrogen) and test for alkenes, polymers/uses of plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc. See also Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey and Global warming discussion page.

2. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

3. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes

4. Type in name Quiz on the structure & naming of ALKANES (and nomenclature of cycloalkanes)

5. Quiz on aspects of "Development of Fuels"

6. Quiz on aspects of the Petrochemical Industry

7. Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey

8. Gas Preparation Ex 10 Laboratory paraffin cracking experiment

9.  MECHANISM Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)

10.  Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

syllabus Unit 2.4 Hydrocarbons - Alkenes (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. GCSE notes on Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. fuels-combustion, cracking to make alkenes, simple addition reactions of alkenes (bromine, hydrogen) and test for alkenes, polymers/uses of plastics.

2. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES (and cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers

3. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES

4. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of ALKENES

5.  MECHANISM Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)

6.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes to make bromoalkanes (introduction and example of electrophilic addition to alkenes) (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

7.  Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes with pure bromine to make dibromoalkanes  (mechanism NOT needed but includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

syllabus Unit 2.5 Halogeno-alkanes (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES/HALOALKANES and classification into primary (prim)/secondary (sec)/tertiary (tert) (including nomenclature of many isomers

2. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

3. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)

4. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - section 7. on CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals (needed?)

5.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes/alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion [S_N1 or S_N2, hydrolysis to alcohol] (introduction to, and example of, nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes) (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation) AND  extra notes on kinetics, rds, molecularity, activated complex etc.

6.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by ammonia to make a primary amine (mechanism NOT needed but includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

7.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Elimination of hydrogen bromide to give an alkene (mechanism NOT needed but includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

syllabus Unit 2.6 Alcohols (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS Part 1 Classification into primary (prim), secondary (sec) and tertiary (tert) - notes include isomers and other related compounds which may not be needed

2. Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS Part 2 Diols, triols, cycloalcohols

3. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers which may not be needed)

4. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers which may not be needed)

5. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - introductory section on alcohols like ethanol

6. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

 syllabus Unit 2.7 Infra-red Spectroscopy (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. -

syllabus Unit 2.8 Energetics (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry experiments and resulting data

2. GCSE Multiple choice revision quiz on Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

3. Thermodynamics Part 1: Thermochemistry - Calorimetry experiments - Enthalpies of reaction,formation, combustion and bond dissociation are explained with exemplar calculations

4. Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation Questions  (answers)

syllabus Unit 2.9 Equilibrium (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1.  Starter GCSE Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis

2. Advanced Chemistry Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

3. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes (can ignore the Kp/Kc equilibrium expressions and concentrate on the application of Le Chatelier's Principle to industrial processes)

syllabus Unit 2.10 Kinetics (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. GCSE Notes for the basics of rates of reactions - kinetics

2. Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - section 2. on enzymes (keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

3. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction, deducing orders of reaction

Unit 2.11 Group II Elements and their Compounds (Mg to Ba) (CCEA AS chemistry)

1. Periodic Table: detailed Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 7 Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals - detailed revision notes

2. Multiple choice Quiz on Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals (the 'basics' easy start!)

syllabus Unit 2.12 Qualitative Analysis (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)

1. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: Chemical Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases, ions - cations and anions, organic functional groups/homologous series etc. (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

Unit AS 3: Internal Assessment

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