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Brown's Chemistry Clinic
CCEA GCE AS CHEMISTRY
CCEA Advanced Subsidiary AS
Chemistry
1st draft of my
unofficial support links for the NEW CCEA GCE AS Advanced Subsidiary
Chemistry Course starting September 2008
My unofficial support for this CCEA/CEA advanced level AS chemistry
syllabus (NI, Northern
Ireland)
Scroll down and each
module, topic or unit is linked to potentially
useful sections on this site
* CCEA A2 Chemistry
* CCEA GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY *
READ
CAREFULLY PLEASE remember that despite the fact that my 'A
level' chemistry notes are far from complete, and as yet, do not even cover all
the basics, but I think there is enough to start an unofficial support page. By
clicking on the text and [ORGANIC],
[INORGANIC], [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL]
and [useful UK based GCSE/IGCSE revision notes] icon
links you should find things to help on a particular topic. The
notes-quizzes are not just for your particular syllabus, but are
designed to cover, eventually, any Chemistry in UK based advanced level
pre-university chemistry specification so you need to pick out the bits which
are useful for your syllabus.
READ
CAREFULLY When you follow a link you will find some useful information on the web page
about the topic you are researching. Sometimes the link goes straight to the
relevant paragraph but otherwise use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at
the top of each page. To return to this
page you must click on the <== back on the browser link bar. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles
below are taken from the official syllabuses which you can download from the
appropriate site.
READ
CAREFULLY My advanced level chemistry pre-university research-information-revision notes
are ALL are being slowly revised and extended-updated
to cover any 'A level' chemistry BUT I do not have time to deliver extended
responses to email questions and please do NOT ask for past papers.
EMAIL
query?comment
CCEA GCE Salters Advanced
Chemistry - Summary of AS Units and Contents Links
Unit AS 1:
Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry
1.1
Formulae, equations and amounts of substance * 1.2
Atomic Structure * 1.3 Bonding and
Structure
1.4
Shapes of Molecules and Ions * 1.5
Intermolecular forces * 1.6 Redox * 1.7
The Periodic Table
1.8
Group VII (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) * 1.9
Titrations
Unit AS 2:
Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic
Chemistry
2.1
Formulae and Amount of substance * 2.2
Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Compounds
2.3
Hydrocarbons - Alkanes * 2.4
Hydrocarbons - Alkenes * 2.5 Halogeno-alkanes
(halogenoalkanes)
2.6
Alcohols * 2.7 Infra-red Spectroscopy * 2.8
Energetics * 2.9 Equilibrium *
2.10 Kinetics
2.11
Group II Elements and their Compounds (Mg to Ba) *
2.12 Qualitative Analysis
Unit AS 3: Internal
Assessment

Unit AS 1: Basic Concepts in Physical
and Inorganic Chemistry

1.1 Formulae, equations and amounts
of substance (CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
How to understand and write chemical equations
including ionic equations and work out molecular and ionic formulae from
valencies or ion charges
-

Chemical Calculations index - 1. to 16. sections of
explanation-examples and multiple choice and type in answer quizzes links
are built into the notes, designed up to higher
GCSE and basic GCE-AS/IB
calculations
-

section 2. Relative formula mass and relative molecular mass (Mr)
-

section 3. Law of Conservation of Mass and simple reacting mass calculations
-

section 4. % composition by mass of a compound
-
 section
7. Introducing moles - the connection of moles, mass and formula mass
-

section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, dilution calculations, atom
economy, volumetric titration apparatus, water of crystallisation, how much
of reactants are needed?
(sub-index near top of page)

1.2 Atomic Structure
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-

section 1. Relative atomic mass (Ar)
and isotopic mass
-
GCSE Atomic Structure Notes
including mass spectrometry of elements
- the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation,
'simple' electronic structure and the Periodic Table and mass spectrometry
for isotope analysis and calculation of relative atomic mass (Ar)
and measurement of molecular mass
-
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part
2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies"
- Electron arrangements -
electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks -
ionization energy patterns
-
Qualitative Analysis: Chemical
Identity Tests - cations e.g.
positive metal ions
(keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

1.3 Bonding and Structure
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
Introduction to BONDING
-
Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING
and an ionic lattice
-
Revision notes on the basics of
Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties
-
Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures and
their properties and uses
-
Revision notes on the basics of
Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals

1.4 Shapes of Molecules and
Ions (CCEA GCE AS
chemistry)
-
Revision notes on shapes
and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on
shape and bond angles in
organic molecules

1.5 Intermolecular forces
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
Equilibria Part 8 Phase equilibria-vapour
pressure, organic molecule examples - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces

1.6 Redox
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and a simplified
introduction to Redox
Reaction
- The reactions of metals
with oxygen, water and acids, displacement reactions, rusting of iron and
preventing its corrosion, plus an introduction to
oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, simple cells etc. The notes on each metal
are listed in reactivity order.
-
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation
state/oxidation number changes
-
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 2 analysing and constructing full
redox equations from half-cell reactions

1.7 The Periodic Table
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
GCSE Summary
notes of the Periodic Table
- A basic introduction: Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to
more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0
Noble Gases and Transition Metals.
-
Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled
tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals
-
Data-periodicity graphs for
elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3 and start of Period 4
-
periodicity
graph for elements Z = 1-38 Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4 and start
of Period 5
-
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 1 "Historical
Introduction" and the full modern periodic table
-
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part
2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies"
- Electron arrangements -
electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks

1.8 Group VII (fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine) (CCEA GCE AS
chemistry)
-
Group 7 The Halogens - GCSE Notes
- data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine,
iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine
and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.
-
Periodic Table Notes Part 11: Compiled
tables of data on Groups 1-7,0 and 3d-block-Transition Metals
-
Redox analysis of the reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide (Redox Part
2, Example 5.14) and other examples involving halogen reactions: 5.2, 5.12,
6.2, 6.6,6.10, 6.11and 6.12 (there is an index for the redox reactions
described.

1.9 Titrations
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-

section 11. Making up solutions -
concentration & molarity
-

section 12. Volumetric acid-alkali titration easy calculations
- apparatus/analysis
-
Structured Question worksheet including acid-base volumetric titration calculations (answers)

Unit AS 2: Further Physical
and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

2.1 Formulae and Amount of substance
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-

section 4. % composition by mass of a compound
-
 section 5.
Empirical formula from reacting masses
-

section 6. Reacting masses of reactants and products and actual percent %
yield,
theoretical yield and atom economy
-
 section 9. moles and
molar gas volume and Avogadro's Law
-

section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, atom economy, how much of
reactants are needed?
(sub-index near top of page)

2.2 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic
Compounds (CCEA GCE AS
chemistry)
-
Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous
series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families
e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates,
sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils,
hydrogenation of fats, soaps, Vitamin C,
Drugs-analgesics, Food Additives and CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals.
Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page and can be read as a basic
introductory view of what 'organic chemistry' is all about without the need
for too many concepts!
-
A summary of
homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry
(look for 'general formulae' and links to nomenclature/naming pages)
-
Organic
Chemistry ISOMERISM general definition
(use sub-index at top of page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (1) STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM general
definition (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (1a) Chain isomerism (Ex 1a.1 discusses alkane isomers,
intermolecular forces and boiling point)
-
Organic
Chemistry (1b) Positional isomerism (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (1c)
Functional group
isomerism (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (2)
STEREOISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of
page)
-
Organic
Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (use sub-index at top of
page)

2.3 Hydrocarbons - Alkanes
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
GCSE notes on Oil and useful
products -
The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses
e.g. fuels-combustion, cracking to make alkenes, simple addition reactions of alkenes
(bromine, hydrogen) and test for
alkenes,
polymers/uses of plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc. See also
Alternative and Fossil Fuel
Survey
and Global
warming discussion
page.
-
Revision notes on the
structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (and
cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers
-
Multiple
choice
Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes
-
Type
in name Quiz on the structure & naming of ALKANES (and
nomenclature of cycloalkanes)
-
Quiz on aspects of "Development of Fuels"
-
Quiz on
aspects of the Petrochemical Industry
-
Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey
-
Gas Preparation Ex 10 Laboratory paraffin cracking experiment
-
MECHANISM
Introduction
and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the
type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a
suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)
-
Mechanism
of the free radical
chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

2.4 Hydrocarbons - Alkenes
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
GCSE notes on Oil and useful
products -
The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses
e.g. fuels-combustion, cracking to make alkenes, simple addition reactions of alkenes
(bromine, hydrogen) and test for
alkenes,
polymers/uses of plastics.
-
Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES (and
cycloalkanes) notes, including nomenclature of isomers
-
Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming
(nomenclature) of ALKENES
-
Type in name Quiz on the
nomenclature of ALKENES
-
MECHANISM
Introduction
and terms used in organic chemistry (on the mechanism pages the
type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a
suitable reference, there is also a reaction index on each page)
-
Mechanism
of electrophilic addition of
hydrogen bromide to alkenes
to make bromoalkanes (introduction and example of
electrophilic addition to alkenes) (includes reagents, reaction
conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation)
-
Mechanism
of electrophilic addition of bromine
to alkenes
with pure
bromine to make dibromoalkanes (mechanism
NOT needed but includes
reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation)

2.5 Halogeno-alkanes
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES/HALOALKANES and
classification into primary (prim)/secondary (sec)/tertiary (tert)
(including nomenclature of many isomers
-
Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming
(nomenclature) of
HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)
-
Type in name Quiz on the
nomenclature of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes)
-
Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes -
section 7. on CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals
(needed?)
-
Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes
(haloalkanes/alkyl halides)
Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion
[SN1 or SN2, hydrolysis to alcohol]
(introduction to, and example of, nucleophilic substitution in
halogenoalkanes) (includes
reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation) AND
extra notes on
kinetics, rds, molecularity, activated complex etc.
-
Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes
(haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Nucleophilic
substitution by ammonia to make a primary amine (mechanism
NOT needed but includes
reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation)
-
Mechanism:
Halogenoalkanes
(haloalkanes, alkyl halides)
Elimination of
hydrogen bromide to give an alkene (mechanism
NOT needed but includes
reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations
showing product formation)

2.6 Alcohols
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of
aliphatic ALCOHOLS Part 1 Classification into primary (prim), secondary
(sec) and tertiary (tert) - notes include isomers and other related compounds
which may not be needed
-
Revision notes on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of
aliphatic ALCOHOLS Part 2 Diols, triols, cycloalcohols
-
Multiple choice Quiz on
the structure and naming (nomenclature) of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers
which may not be needed)
-
Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of aliphatic ALCOHOLS (includes ethers
which may not be needed)
-
Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes
- introductory section on alcohols like ethanol
-
Organic synthesis
redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

2.7 Infra-red Spectroscopy
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-

2.8 Energetics
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
Basic notes of exothermic and endothermic
reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes from 'simple' calorimetry
experiments and resulting data
-
GCSE Multiple choice revision quiz on Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
-
Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation
Questions (answers)

2.9 Equilibrium
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
Starter GCSE
Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis
-
Advanced
Chemistry Equilibria Part 1.
Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
-
Equilibria Part 3
equilibrium and industrial processes
(can ignore the Kp/Kc equilibrium expressions and concentrate on the
application of Le Chatelier's Principle to industrial processes)

2.10 Kinetics
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
GCSE
Notes for the basics of rates of reactions - kinetics
-
Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes
-
section 2. on enzymes
(keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)
-
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts
and heterogeneous
catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction,
deducing orders of reaction

2.11 Group II Elements and their Compounds
(Mg to Ba) (CCEA GCE
AS chemistry)
-
Periodic Table:
detailed Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 7 Group 1 Alkali Metals and
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals - detailed revision notes
-
Groups 1-2 data-group trend graphs
-
Multiple choice Quiz on Group 1 Alkali Metals and Group 2 Alkaline Earth
Metals (easy start!)

2.12 Qualitative Analysis
(CCEA GCE AS chemistry)
-
 
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: Chemical
Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases, ions
- cations and anions, organic functional groups/homologous series etc.
(keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

Unit AS 3: Internal Assessment
-
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