Doc Brown's Chemistry

AQA GCE AS level CHEMISTRY 2421 AQA GCE AS advanced  chemistry course

My unofficial support for this AQA A2 Chemistry - Scroll down and each module, topic or unit of the specification is linked to potentially useful sections on this site.

AQA AS Chemistry * AQA GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY * PAST PAPERS

 READ CAREFULLY  My 'A level' chemistry notes are far from complete BUT by clicking on the links for [ORGANIC], [INORGANIC], [PHYSICAL-THEORETICAL] and [useful UK based GCSE/IGCSE revision notes] you should find things to help on a particular topic.  By following a link you will find some useful information and use the sub-indexes of key words or headings at the top of each page. To return to this page click on the <== back on the browser link bar. All the syllabus-topic-unit titles are taken from the official syllabus. I do not have time to deliver extended responses to email questions BUT I have provided a convenient list to PAST PAPERS and mark schemes. * EMAIL query?comment

AQA GCE Advanced A Level A2 Chemistry

Summary of AQA GCE Advanced Level  Chemistry AS Units and Contents Links

Unit 4 CHEM4 Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry (on-site links for Chem 4)

4.1 Kinetics * 4.2 Equilibria * 4.3 Acids and Bases * 4.4 Nomenclature, Isomerism in Organic Chemistry

 4.5 Compounds containing carbonyl group * 4.6 Aromatic Chemistry * 4.7 Amines * 4.8 Amino Acids

 4.9 Polymers * 4.10 Organic Synthesis and Analysis * 4.11 Structure Determination

Unit 5 CHEM5 Energetics, Redox and Inorganic Chemistry (on-site links for Chem 5)

5.1 Thermodynamics * 5.2 Periodicity * 5.3 Redox Equilibria * 5.4 Transition Metals

 * 5.5 Reactions of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solution

Unit 6 CHEM6 Investigative and Practical Skills in A2 Chemistry (on-site links for Unit 6)

Unit 4 CHEM4 Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry

4.1 Kinetics * 4.2 Equilibria * 4.3 Acids and Bases * 4.4 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Chemistry * 4.5 Compounds containing the carbonyl group * 4.6 Aromatic Chemistry * 4.7 Amines * 4.8 Amino Acids * 4.9 Polymers * 4.10 Organic Synthesis and Analysis * 4.11 Structure Determination

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.1 Kinetics (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts, obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction, deducing orders of reaction

2. KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: Selected case studies of kinetics and rate expressions and calculations

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.2 Equilibria (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

2. Equilibria Part 2 K_c and K_p equilibrium expressions and calculations

3. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes & computer simulation of ammonia equilibrium composition

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.3 Acids and Bases (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations more advanced notes

2. Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis, Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers

4.4 Nomenclature and Isomerism in Organic Chemistry (GCE AQA A2 Chemistry)

1. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and structure in Organic Chemistry (look for 'general formulae' and links to organic molecular structure and nomenclature/naming pages)

2. ALIPHATIC ORGANIC STRUCTURE and NOMENCLATURE BUMPER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ - on most of aliphatic nomenclature based on 6 combined quizzes: alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives (amides, acid chlorides, esters etc.)

3. Type in name ALIPHATIC ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE BUMPER QUIZ - on most of aliphatic nomenclature based on 6 combined quizzes: alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives (amides, acid chlorides, esters etc.)

4. General QUIZ on type of Organic Molecule Recognition based on examples of structure and recognition of functional groups, including isomers, so the quiz is mainly on recognition of types of molecules and their structural features and classification

5. Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds, including nomenclature of isomers

6. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

7.  Organic Chemistry ISOMERISM general definition and links to types of isomerism notes (use sub-index at top of page)

8.  Organic Chemistry (1) STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM general definition (use sub-index at top of page)

9.  Organic Chemistry (2a) Geometrical Isomerism (E/Z) was called cis/trans) (use sub-index at top of page)

10.  Organic Chemistry (2b) Optical Isomerism (R/S isomerism) (use sub-index at top of page)

11. Spotting optical isomers Q (hand written!) (answers)

Syllabus reference 4.5 Compounds containing the carbonyl group (GCE AQA A2 Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds Aldehydes and Ketones

2. Multiple choice on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of Aldehydes and Ketones

3. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

4. Ex. 4. Matching pair Quiz on aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and ester structure

5.  Mechanism: Carbonyl compounds - aldehydes/ketones nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to give a hydroxynitrile (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

6.  Mechanism: Carbonyl compounds - aldehydes/ketones addition of hydrogen - reduction with LiAlH₄ or NaBH₄ to give an alcohol (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

7. Revision notes on the structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES, including nomenclature of isomers

8. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES

9. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - including homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils, hydrogenation of fats, soaps Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page and can be read as a basic introductory view of what 'organic chemistry' is all about without the need for too many concepts!

10.  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - hydrolysis with water to give a carboxylic acid (general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)

11.  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - esterification with alcohols (general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)

12.  Mechanism: Acid chlorides/acyl chlorides - nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions - amide formation with ammonia or primary amines (general equations and reaction conditions quoted too)

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.6 Aromatic Chemistry (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds, including nomenclature of isomers

2. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

3. Ex. 1. Matching pair Quiz on hydrocarbon structure

4. Enthalpies of hydrogenation as evidence for benzene ring structure in section 1.4d

5.  MECHANISMS AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - introduction to arene electrophilic substitution mechanisms links to various reactions including equation and reaction conditions

6.  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene introduction to electrophilic substitution and nitration to form nitro-aromatic compounds

7.  Mechanism: Aromatic hydrocarbons - arene electrophilic substitution acylation [Friedel-Crafts reaction]

8. Reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds to aromatic amines for dyestuffs industry in section 8.5

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.7 Amines (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the Structure, Classification and Naming of Organic Nitrogen Compounds, including nomenclature of isomers

2. Multiple choice quiz on the Classification, Structure and Naming (nomenclature) of Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

3. Type in name Quiz on the nomenclature of Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

4.  Mechanism: Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides) Nucleophilic substitution by ammonia or primary amine to make amines (includes reagents, reaction conditions and exemplar balanced equations showing product formation)

5. Reduction of nitriles to primary aliphatic amines in section 8.4

6. Reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds to aromatic amines for dyestuffs industry in section 8.5

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.8 Amino Acids (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1.  Amino acids-proteins-polypeptides-enzymes

Syllabus reference-Specification 4.9 Polymers (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Extra GCSE Organic Chemistry Notes - An introduction to polymer structure addition and condensation polymers

2. GCSE notes on Oil polymers of alkenes to make plastics - environmental problems

Syllabus reference 4.10 Organic Synthesis and Analysis (GCE AQA A2 Chemistry)

1. Qualitative Analysis: Tests for organic functional groups notes (use alphabetical index for homologous series, reagents etc.) (alphabetical keyword index at top of page)

2. A set of jumbled of molecules and reagents to arrange as a viable synthesis route (a little 'experimental Q'!)

Syllabus reference 4.11 Structure Determination (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Simple NMR problem solving with % composition and infra-red absorbtion data

2. Methods of separating mixtures including chromatography - use index at top (basic revision notes)

3. Extra GCSE Industrial Chemistry Notes - section on chemical analysis e.g. glc gas-liquid chromatography, emission spectroscopy (keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

Unit 5 CHEM5 Energetics, Redox and Inorganic Chemistry

5.1 Thermodynamics * 5.2 Periodicity * 5.3 Redox Equilibria * 5.4 Transition Metals * 5.5 Reactions of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solution

Syllabus reference-Specification 5.1 Thermodynamics (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Thermodynamics Part 1: Thermochemistry - Calorimetry experiments - Enthalpies of reaction,formation, combustion and bond dissociation are explained with exempler calculations REVISION of definitions and calculation methods

2. A Level Thermodynamics Part 2 ΔH Enthalpies of ion hydration, solution, atomisation, lattice energy, electron affinity and the Born-Haber cycle

3. Thermodynamics Part 3 ΔS Entropy and ΔG Free Energy Changes

Syllabus reference-Specification 5.2 Periodicity (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. 11B(i) Periodicity graphs for elements Z = 1 to 20 Period 1 to start of Period 4 (all re-edited)

2.  11B(ii) Periodicity graph for elements Z = 1 to 38 Period 1 to start of Period 5 (all re-edited)

3.  11B(iii) Periodicity graph for elements Z = 1 to 96 Period 1 to start of Period 7 (all re-edited)

4. Part 5 "Survey of Period 3: sodium Na to argon Ar" (3 pages)

5. Period 3 trends & explanations of physical properties

6. Period 3 trends in bonding, structure, oxidation state, formulae and reactions

Syllabus reference 5.3 Redox Equilibria (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 includes introduction to electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

2. Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 2 analysing and constructing full redox equations from half-cell reactions

3. Equilibrium Part 7 Redox equilibria, half-cell electrode potentials, predicting feasibility of a reaction, electrolysis and electrochemical series and ΔG free energy changes

4. Part 10 Appendix 11 Transition Metals data electrode potential chart

Syllabus reference-Specification 5.4 Transition Metals (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. INORGANIC Part 10 3d block TRANSITION METALS sub-index: 10.1-10.2 Introduction 3d-block Transition Metals * 10.3 Scandium * 10.4 Titanium * 10.5 Vanadium * 10.6 Chromium * 10.7 Manganese * 10.8 Iron * 10.9  Cobalt * 10.10 Nickel * 10.11 Copper * 10.12 Zinc * 10.13 Other Transition Metals e.g. Ag and Pt

2. TRANSITION METALS continued: Appendix 1. Hydrated salts, acidity of hexa-aqua ions * Appendix 2. Complexes & ligands * Appendix 3. Complexes and isomerism * Appendix 4. Electron configuration & colour theory * Appendix 5. Redox equations, feasibility, E^ø * Appendix 6. Catalysis * Appendix 7. Redox equations * Appendix 8. Stability Constants and entropy changes * Appendix 9. Colorimetric analysis and complex ion formula * Appendix 10 3d block - extended data * Appendix 11 Some 3d-block compounds, complexes, oxidation states & electrode potential chart * Appendix 12 Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures', formulae and equations

5.5 Reactions of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solution (GCE AQA A2 Chemistry)

1. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory (Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry)

2. Hydrated salts, acidity of hexa-aqua ions

3. Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures', formulae and equations

4. Summary notes of Inorganic Chemical tests for gases, ions - anions or cations (use keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

5. Qualitative Analysis: Chemical Identity Tests - anions e.g. non-metal negative ions (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

6. Qualitative Analysis: Chemical Identity Tests - cations e.g. positive metal ions (keyword alphabetical index at top of page)

AQA GCE Advanced A2 Level Chemistry

Unit 6 INVESTIGATIVE and PRACTICAL SKILLS in A2 CHEMISTRY

Practical Skills Assessment

A2 Inorganic Chemistry: (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. redox titration calculation questions (all with worked out answers)

2. Part 10b 3d-block Transition Metals Fe to Zn - detailed revision notes - COPPER CHEMISTRY

A2 Physical Chemistry: (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. KINETICS - includes obtaining data, rate expressions and orders of reaction, deducing orders of reaction

2. Equilibria Part 2 K_c equilibrium expressions - principle of the equilibrium expression for ester formation (2.2a.1)

3. and example of calculation from of Kc for esterification from volumetric analysis (2.2a.5)

4. Equilibria Part 6 Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves section 6.2

AS Organic Chemistry: (GCE AQA A2 A level Chemistry)

1. -

• PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS from the OLD course for AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY

• The list includes papers from AS and A2 examinations

• ALL PAST PAPERS are pdf files - need Adobe Acrobat Reader ALL links are from the official AQA

• AQA old syllabus links on AQA website

• -

• January 2009

• January 2009 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• January 2009 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• January 2009 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2009 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2009 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2009 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2009 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2009 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• -

• June 2008

• June 2008 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 3 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 3 Practical - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Mark Scheme

• June 2008 Unit 6 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2008 Unit 6 Practical - Mark Scheme

• -

• January 2008

• January 2008 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• January 2008 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• January 2008 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2008 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2008 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2008 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2008 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2008 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• -

• June 2007

• June 2007 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 3 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 3 Practical - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Mark Scheme

• June 2007 Unit 6 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2007 Unit 6 Practical - Mark Scheme

• -

• January 2007

• January 2007 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• January 2007 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• January 2007 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2007 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2007 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2007 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2007 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2007 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• -

• June 2006

• June 2006 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 3 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 3 Practical - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 5 Thermodynamics and Further Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 6 Synoptic Objective Questions - Mark Scheme

• June 2006 Unit 6 Practical - Question Paper

• June 2006 Unit 6 Practical - Mark Scheme

• -

• January 2006

• January 2006 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Question Paper

• January 2006 Unit 1 Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity - Mark Scheme

• January 2006 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2006 Unit 2 Foundation Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2006 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2006 Unit 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme

• January 2006 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Question Paper

• January 2006 Unit 4 Further Physical and Organic Chemistry - Mark Scheme