ALL my KS3 SCIENCE Revision Quizzes (~US K12 grades 6,7,8)

GCSE-IGCSE-KS4 Science-CHEMISTRY notes & quizzes (~US K12 grades 9-10)

Advanced Level CHEMISTRY GCE AS A2 IB notes and quizzes (~US K12 grades 11-12)

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 All my GCE-AS-A2-IB AQA, Edexcel, OCR etc. Advanced Level Chemistry syllabus-specification help links

 Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic

My unofficial support for Salters A2 Advanced Chemistry

Salters A2 Chemistry - CD "Colour by Design"

Unit map and learning objectives list - part of module 2854

CD exam bashing *  My revision index * extra CD backup stuff * My Salters AS homepage * My Salters A2 homepage * Email

http://www.york.ac.uk/org/seg/salters/chemistry/CD9/cdmainpage.htm (colourful revision!)

PLEASE REMEMBER, THESE ARE NOT 'STAND ALONE' NOTES, and were designed for my classes for use alongside the Salters resources - Chemical Ideas, Chemical Storylines, Practical Activities-Investigations and the AS-A2 Revision guides all published by Heinemann Secondary Series, to reduce the reading workload and offer a study strategy. From your teacher (not me!), its handy to have the answers to the Chemical Ideas, Storylines Assignments and Activities Questions side by side with the texts and these strategy pages. You haven't time to redo the Q's but a quick read of the Q's and connecting with the official answers is valuable revision.

CD UNIT MAP - CD ACTIVITIES

CD CHEMICAL STORYLINE

CHEMICAL IDEAS for unit CD

CD1 Changing colours chemically

CD1 Ways of Making colour

6.7 Where does colour come from? (revision)

CD2 The Monastral Blue story

CD3 Seeing colours

CD3 Chrome Yellow

5.1 Ions in solids and solutions (revision)

CD4.1 Using reflectance spectra to identify pigments

CD4.2 What factors affect the drying potential of an oil?

CD4.3 Investigating paint media

CD4.4 Identifying a pigment

CD4.5 Finding a perfect match

CD4 Chemistry in the art gallery

6.8 Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy

13.6 Oils and fats

7.6 Chromatography

6.1 Light and electrons (revision)

CD5 Comparing hydrocarbons

CD5 At the Start of the rainbow

12.3 Arenes

12.4 Reactions of arenes

CD6 Making azo dyes

CD6 Chemists Design colours

13.10 Azo compounds

6.9 Chemistry of colour

CD7.1 Dyeing with a direct dye and a reactive dye

CD7.2 Different dyes for different fibres

CD7 Colour for Cotton

CD8 High-Tech colours

CD9 Check your notes on CD

CD9 summary

CD UNIT TEST

KEY: CS = Chemical storylines, CI = Chemical Ideas, Act = Activity: be able to

1. O explain the absorption of ultraviolet light and visible light in terms of transitions between electronic energy levels [CI 6.1/6.7/6.9] see also LO 17.
2. O use ultra-violet (u.v.) and visible spectroscopy to help identify unsaturated organic molecules [CS CD 3/4; Act CD 3/4.1; CI 6.1/6.8/6.9]
3. O recall that colour changes may be associated with the following chemical changes: (i) acid-base (indicators), (ii) ligand exchange, (iii) redox, (iv) precipitation and (v) polymorphism (different crystal structures) [CS CD 3/8 Ass 3/5; Act CD 8; CI 5.1/6.9]
4. O relate the desirable properties of pigments (colour shade, colour density, fastness, resistance to atmospheric pollution) to relevant chemical properties [CS CD 2/3/4/5/7; Act CD 7.1/7.2]
5. O outline the general principles of gas-liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) CI 7.6]
6. O show awareness of the techniques used to identify the materials used in a painting, including: (i) gas-liquid chromatography (g.l.c.), (ii) atomic emission spectroscopy and (iii) visible spectroscopy (reflection and transmission); [CS CD 3/4 Ass 6; Act CD 3/4.1/4.3/4.4/4.5; CI 7.6]
7. O given relevant information, interpret results from analytical techniques used to identify components of unknown materials, such as those used in paintings [CS CD 4; Act CD 3/4.1/4.3/4.4; CI 7.6]
8. O recall that fats and oils consist mainly of mixed esters of propane-1,2,3-triol with varying degrees of unsaturation [CS CD 4; Act CD 4.2/4.3; CI 13.5/13.6]
9. O describe in general terms the process of oxidative cross-linking by which unsaturated oils harden, and relate to their use as media in oil-based paints; [Act CD 4.2]
10. O recognise arenes and arene derivatives (aromatic compounds) and know the detailed structure of benzene and be aware of the enthalpy arguments against a tri-ene structure i.e. it is a more stable delocalised ring system [CS CD 2/4/5 Ass 8; Act CD 5; CI 12.3/12.4]
11. O relate the characteristic chemical properties of aromatic compounds to the delocalisation of electrons in the benzene ring [CS CD 2/5; CI 12.3/12.4]
12. O describe and explain* the following electrophilic substitution reactions of arenes: (i) halogenation of the ring**, (ii) nitration, (iii) sulphonation, (iv) Friedel-Crafts alkylation and (v) Friedel-Crafts acylation; [Act CD 5; CI 12.4] * equations, reagents, reaction conditions, mechanism, isomeric products etc. and ** alkyl side-chain halogenation will be free radical substitution (this could be asked for, see AS unit A "The Atmosphere")
13. O describe and explain the formation of azo dyes by coupling reactions involving diazonium compounds [CS CD 6; Act CD 6; CI 13.10]
14. O describe and explain the structure of a dye molecule in terms of its functional components: chromophore groups which modify the colour, groups which affect the solubility of the dye in water, groups which attach the dye to the fibre [CS CD 1/2/5/6/7 Ass 1/7/11/12/13/14; Act CD 7.1/7.2; CI 6.9]
15. O explain in terms of (i) weak intermolecular forces, (ii) hydrogen bonding, or (iii) ionic attractions and (iv) covalent bonds, how some dyes attach themselves to fibres; [CS CD 5/7 Ass 7/11/12/13/14; Act CD 7.1/7.2]
16. O relate the colour of a dye to the presence of a chromophore, and groups/atoms that modify the chromophore, in the dye molecule; [CS CD 2/5/7 Ass 14; Act CD; CI 6.9]
17. O relate the colour in materials to electronic energy level changes* [CI 6.1/6.7/6.8/6.9] * (i) In applying colour theory, generally speaking the bigger the delocalised system, the smaller the difference in energy levels and more electronic changes can occur in the visible region to give rise to 'colour' and (ii) you should be able to predict the 'observed colour' of a substance from its absorption spectrum.

GENERAL REVISION NOTES

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