Unit WM "What's in a medicine" Salters A Level Chemistry at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic. docb06wmws

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Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic My unofficial support for Salters AS Advanced Chemistry WM Unit Map and Learning objectives List - part of module 2849 *Extra WM exam bashing thoughts other WM backup material * My revision index * My Salters A2 homepage * Email At the moment the AS/A2 links are for the old syllabus * My NEW Salters AS Chemistry page** PLEASE REMEMBER, THESE ARE NOT 'STAND ALONE' NOTES, and were designed for my classes for use alongside the Salters resources - Chemical Ideas, Chemical Storylines, Practical Activities-Investigations and the AS-A2 Revision guides all published by Heinemann Secondary Series, to reduce the reading workload and offer a study strategy. From your teacher (not me!), its handy to have the answers to the Chemical Ideas, Storylines Assignments and Activities Questions side by side with the texts and these strategy pages. You haven't time to redo the Q's but a quick read of the Q's and connecting with the official answers is valuable revision.
WM ACTIVITIES	WM STORYLINES	CHEMICAL IDEAS for WM
WM1 The origins and development of the modern pharmaceutical industry	WM1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN IDEAS ABOUT MEDICINE
WM2 Extraction of salicylic acid	WM2 MEDICINES IN NATURE
WM3 Investigating the chemistry of the -OH group in various environments - new version (and of CI 13.4 too), teacher or student download from Heinemann site at http://www.heinemann.co.uk/science	WM3 IDENTIFYING THE ACTIVE CHEMICAL IN WILLOW BARK	13.2 Alcohols and ethers (revision) 13.3 Carboxylic acids and their derivatives 13.4 The -OH group in alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids part b - of new version 13.5 Esters
WM4 Interpretation of the mass spectrum of salicylic acid	WM4 INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS:	6.4 Infrared spectroscopy 2.1 A simple model of the atom (revision) 6.5 Mass spectrometry
WM5.1 A preparation of aspirin WM5.2 Using spectroscopy	WM5 THE SYNTHESIS OF SALICYLIC ACID:
WM6 An aspirin assay	WM6 DELIVERING THE PRODUCT
	WM7 THE MIRACULOUS MEDICINE
WM8 Which product should a pharmaceutical company develop?	WM8 DEVELOPING AND SAFETY TESTING OF MEDICINES
WM9 Check your notes on WM	WM9 SUMMARY	UNIT TEST on WM
Unit WM Learning Outcomes KEY: CS = Chemical storylines, CI = Chemical Ideas, Act = Activity: be able to O recognise members of the following homologous series: phenols, acyl chlorides, carboxylic acids and esters [CS WM5; CS WM Ass 3; Act WM3; CI 13.2/13.3/13.4 part b/13.5] Functional Group recognition notes and m/c quiz and watch out for alkenes, with/without cis-trans geometric isomers. O use systematic nomenclature to name carboxylic acids and esters [CI 13.3/13.5] notes and quiz O describe and explain characteristic properties of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids, including: [CS WM3/5; WM Ass 2; Act WM3; CI 13.4 part b/13.5] (a) acidic nature, alcohols virtually neutral < phenols very weakly acidic < weak carboxylic acids (b) test with iron(III) chloride solution for phenols (c) ester formation from the reaction of (i) carboxylic acids with alcohols or (ii) acyl chlorides with alcohols or phenols O account for the increasing relative strengths as acids of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids [Act WM3; CI 13.4] O recall the technique of heating a mixture under reflux for reactions involving volatile liquids, be able to sketch and label the apparatus [Act WM2] You should also be able to label and sketch the apparatus to distill to help purify a volatile organic compound and record the its boiling point during the distillation as well as describe basic recrystallisation and melting point determination for a non-volatile organic solid. You should also be able to relate/compare melting or boiling points to the intermolecular forces for different organic compounds. You should also be able to relate, via intermolecular force types/ideas, a compounds solubility to the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions (small molecule here, or polymer in PR) You may also have to describe the volumetric analysis of a carboxylic acid (solid or solution) using standard sodium hydroxide solution (acid-base neutralisation). The method is described in Activity M2.4. You may be asked to calculate the molarity of a solution, the molecular mass of an acid or determine an acid's % purity. AND remember the reflux mixture could be a metal ore and acid to dissolve it to determine the metal content from the resulting solution. O recall the technique of thin layer chromatography (t.l.c.) and interpret results, be able to decsribe tha basic procedure, use of 'known spot' standards, sketch the 'set-up' and simple 'predicted' chromatograms [Act WM2; CI p185] O describe how the following forms of spectroscopy can be used for the elucidation of molecular structure: [CS WM4; WM Ass 1; Act WM2/4/5; CI 6.4/6.5 (revise 2.1)] (a) mass spectrometry (m.s.) eg identifying fragments like ion mass of 29 could be [CH₃CH₂]⁺ (b) infrared spectroscopy (i.r.) eg identifying specific characteristic frequencies like carbonyl C=O at 1700cm^-1 O interpret mass spectra (molecular ion and significance of the fragmentation pattern) for salicylic acid and simple compounds containing a limited range of functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid and ester groups) given relevant information [CS WM4; Act WM4; CI 6.5] Revision from from EL, you should be able to explain, when given a diagram, the basic workings of a mass spectrometer. O interpret infrared spectra for salicylic acid and simple compounds containing a limited range of functional groups (hydroxyl -OH, carbonyl C=O, carboxylic acid -COOH and ester groups -COOC-) given relevant information [CS WM4; WM Ass 1; Act WM5.2; CI 6.4] O show awareness that more effective medicines can be obtained by modifying the structure of existing medicines (including natural products) [CS WM1/6/7/8; Act WM1/2/8] change in molecular structure can enhance its effects or reduce side-effects O show awareness of the procedures used in developing and establishing the safety of a medicine [CS WM1/6/7/8; Act WM1/8] eg pre-clinical tests as well as clinical trials GENERAL REVISION NOTES *** Salters Advanced Level Chemistry * Salters Advanced Level Chemistry * Salters Advanced Level Chemistry * Salters Advanced Level Chemistry * Salters Advanced Level Chemistry ***

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