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3b. More on carbonates
5. Uses of alloys other metals
4. The Manufacture of Iron
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2 3 4 arrangement atoms blast brittle carbon chemical compounds economical extraction furnace gold impurities iron ores oxide pure reactions reactive reduction shaped slide stressed
(a) Mineral
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
are naturally occuring rocks that provide the starting point for the
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
and manufacture of useful metals.
(b) Ores must contain enough metal to make it
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
to extract the metal.
(c) Unreactive metals such as
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
are found in the Earth as the free metal itself but most metals are found as
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
that require
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
to extract the metal.
(d) Metals that are less
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
with
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
, for example
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
is reduced in the
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
to
make iron.
(e)Balance the following equations showing several chemical reactions that can form iron.
Fe
2
O
3
+
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO ===>
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
Fe +
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
C ===>
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
Fe +
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO
2
Fe
3
O
4
+
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO ===>
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
Fe +
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO
2
Fe
3
O
4
+
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
C ===>
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
Fe +
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
CO
2
(f) Iron from the
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
contains about 96% iron and 4% carbon and other
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
which makes the iron
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
and limits its uses.
(g) Removing all of the impurities would produce
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
iron
(h) Pure iron has a regular
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
of
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
, with layers that can readily
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
over each other when
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
, and so is soft and easily
2
3
4
arrangement
atoms
blast
brittle
carbon
chemical
compounds
economical
extraction
furnace
gold
impurities
iron
ores
oxide
pure
reactions
reactive
reduction
shaped
slide
stressed
, but too soft for many uses.
CHECK
<= back =
3b. More on carbonates
5. Uses of alloys other metals