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Part 3.
The chemistry of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes,
old name
alkyl halides)
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Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK
KS5 A/AS GCE IB advanced level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry
INDEX of halogenoalkanes revision notes
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Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) INDEX of
revision notes
Abbreviations used:
mpt = melting point and
bpt = boiling point (oC
or K units will be quoted)
3.1
Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of
Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
(Also includes an introduction on how
to write and display halogenoalkane formulae including isomers)
Multiple choice
test on naming halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
Type
in name test on halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
To doc b! D o
mixed naming quiz 3rd, and 4th version by adding other structure/reaction Qs from
a 3rd data base?
3.2
Laboratory synthesis & industrial manufacture of halogenoalkanes
(haloalkanes) from alcohols, alkanes, alkenes
3.3
Reactivity trends of halogenoalkanes - introduction to their nucleophilic
substitution reactions, the substitution reaction between halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
& water, experiments with silver nitrate solution
3.4
The
substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) with sodium/potassium hydroxide to
give alcohols
3.5
The
nucleophilic substitution reaction between halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) and potassium cyanide
and hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids
3.6
The substitution reaction between
halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) and ammonia and amines forming
primary, secondary and tertiary amines
3.7
The elimination reactions of
halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) with potassium hydroxide to give alkenes
3.8
The
physical properties, hazards and uses of
halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
3.9
The chemistry of ozone depletion and how this environmental problem
was solved
Halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes) reaction
mechanisms
The following notes have
basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as
detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated
(overlap because they were written before above sections 3.2 to 3.7 were
compiled)
Nucleophilic substitution by water/hydroxide ion
[SN1 or SN2
mechanisms, hydrolysis to
give alcohols]
with extra notes on
kinetics, rds, molecularity, rate expression, activated complex etc.
Nucleophilic
substitution by cyanide ion to give a nitrile
[SN1 or SN2
mechanisms]
Nucleophilic
substitution by ammonia/primary amine to give primary/secondary
amines etc.
[SN1 or SN2]
Elimination of
hydrogen bromide to form alkenes [E1 and E2 mechanisms]
Free radical
chlorination/bromination of haloalkanes to give halogenoalkanes
- mechanism
Alkylation to give
alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons like methylbenzene
[Friedel-Crafts reaction mechanism]
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A Level pre-university Organic
Chemistry Notes
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