For convenience Greek letters are NOT used in formulae and calculations, so please use ...
c = velocity of light = 3.00 x 10
8 ms
-1 w = wavelength in m (
properly!, note 1 nanometre or 1nm = 10
-9 m)
f = frequency in Hz (
properly!)
E = quantum energy of a single photon in J
h = Planck Constant = 6.63 x 10
-34 JHz
-1 Avogadro Constant = L = 6.02 x 10
23 mol
-1 Bond enthalpies kJ mol
-1 : C-H 413; C-Br 290; C-Cl 346
Answer all question parts to 2 decimal places except where indicated in
[sf] or an integer
power .
Q1. Bromo and chloro compounds in the atmosphere can lead to ozone depletion. In a laboratory experiment ultraviolet light (uv) of wavelength 390nm was passed through bromochloromethane CH
2 BrCl.
(a) A little conversion job! The wavelength of the uv light is
= 390 x 10
-9 = 3.90 x 10
-7 m
(b)
(i) To interconvert wavelength and frequency we use the formula:
c = w x f, and so f = c / w
(ii) The frequency of the uv light is
3.00 x 10
8 / 3.90 x 10
-7 = 7.69 x 10
14 Hz
(c)
(i) Planck's Equation, E = h x f, gives us the energy of the photon.
(ii) The quantum energy of each uv photon is
6.63 x 10
-34 x 7.69 x 10
14 = 5.10 x 10
-19 J
(d) The energy per mole of photons ...
(i) = 5.10 x 10
-19 x 6.02 x 10
23 = 3.07 x 10
5 J
(ii) = 307 kJ
[3sf] (e) Which bond will undergo homolytic fission when uv light photons strike the bromochloromethane molecules? C-H, C-Br or C-Cl?: C-Br
(f) What is the minimum energy needed to break one C-Cl bond?
346
[3sf] x 1000
[4sf] = 3.46 x 10
5 J for 1 mole of bonds
Energy to break one bond is
3.46 x 10
5 / 6.02 x 10
23 = 5.75 x 10
-19 J
(g) What is the minimum frequency of uv light is needed to break a C-Cl bond?
E = h x f, so f = E /h
The frequency required
= 5.75 x 10
-19 / 6.63 x 10
-34 = 8.67 x 10
14 Hz
(h) What is the maximum wavelength of uv light capable of breaking a C-Cl bond?
c = w x f, w = c / f ,
wavelength to break C-Cl bond = 3.00 x 10
8 / 8.67 x 10
14 = 3.46 x 10
-7 m
= 3.46 x 10
-7 x 10
9 = 346 nm
[3sf] OK!