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Some formulae and symbols to help in the questions: Na₂O,  NaCl,  NaOH,  H₂, HCl,  Cl₂, NaCl

Q2. (a) What period and group is the element sulphur in? What type of element is it?

(b) What period and group is the element magnesium in? What type of element is it?

(c) What period and series is the element iron in? What type of element is it?

In each case give some typical physical properties and chemical properties of the element.

Q3. (a) What group, and its name, does the element krypton belong to? (atomic number 36)

What physical and chemical properties would you expect krypton to have?

(b) explain why helium is used in airships and why it is safer than hydrogen?

(c) explain why argon is used in tungsten filament lamps

(d) why are the elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr etc. so unreactive?

Q4. (a) give, and explain, the electrode equations to show what is formed at the anode and cathode when electrical current is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride

(b) what substance is left in solution and why is it an alkali?

(c) give the symbol equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. What type of reaction is it?

Q5. The element Rubidium (Rb) has an atomic number of 37 and a mass of 85.

(a) How many electrons, protons and neutrons are there in an atom of Rubidium?

Based on your knowledge of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium PREDICT ...

(b) the physical properties of rubidium eg appearance, high/low? melting point, high/low? boiling point, good/poor? electrical/heat conduction, high/low? density

(c) whether its melting or boiling point is higher or lower than that for potassium (group trends)

(d) the number of electrons in the outer shell and the symbol of the rubidium ion (explain)

(e) the formula of rubidium chloride and rubidium oxide and the type of chemical bonding involved

(f) what you would observe on adding rubidium to water containing universal indicator, and name the products formed and give a symbol equation for the reaction

(g) whether rubidium is more or less reactive than potassium, explain the group reactivity trend

Q6. (a) describe the appearance of The Halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine

(b) describe three uses of chlorine

(c) is chlorine more or less reactive than iodine? explain the Group 7 reactivity trend

(d) (i) what do you observe if chlorine is bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide?

(ii) give a full symbol equation to show what is formed

(iii) give an ionic equation for this reaction, explain it in terms of oxidation and reduction

The element Astatine is in the same group as Cl, Br and I, but below iodine. PREDICT ...

(e) the appearance, physical state and formula of the molecules that make up the element

(f) will its melting point be the same, lower or higher, compared to iodine? give reasons for your choice.

(g) the number of electrons in the outer shell and the symbol of its ion (explain)

(h) will its chemical reactivity be the same, lower or higher, compared to iodine? give reasons for your choice.

(i) the formula of the compound with hydrogen, the type of bonding in the compound, and the colour it turns universal indicator when this compound is dissolved in water

(j) the formula of its compound with sodium and the type of chemical bonding.

(k) what would you observe, and why? if

(i) chlorine is bubbled into a solution of sodium astatide

(ii) astatine solution is added to sodium chloride solution

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