Doc Brown's Chemistry - Alphabetical Index C to D

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

EMAIL query?comment * 1st time user notes * C to D alphabetical index page

C...

caesium/cesium, Cs, in  Group 1 The Alkali Metals: GCSE-data-properties-chemical reactions-uses : GCSE-reactivity-reactions involving oxygen/water/acids/displacement : ADVANCED detailed notes s-block Gp 1/2 elements/compounds : ADVANCED data-graphs Gps 1/2 : ADVANCED element data :

calamine/Smithsonite ore (zinc carbonate) : GCSE effect of heating/zinc metal extraction :

calamine lotion : GCSE use in sting treatment :

calcium and compounds, Ca, in Group 2 : GCSE-reactivity-reactions involving oxygen/water/acids/displacement  : ADVANCED detailed notes s-block Gp 1/2 elements/compounds : ADVANCED data-graphs Gps 1/2 : ADVANCED data :

calcium carbonate, CaCO_3(s),(occurs as limestone rock) : GCSE limestone chemistry-uses-decomposition by heat : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) rate of reaction with acid : GCSE reversible thermal decomposition : GCSE carbonate-acid reaction : KS3-GCSE limestone formation : ADVANCED detailed Group 2 compound notes : ADVANCED use in volumetric titrations :

calcium chloride, CaCl_2(s) : GCSE-AS ionic bonding : GCSE electrolysis of molten salt : 

calcium hydroxide, slaked lime, Ca(OH)₂ : GCSE formation from lime

calcium oxide, lime, quicklime, CaO_(s) : GCSE Quicklime manufacture-uses : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) bonding-structure-properties : 

calculations - chemical : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) USE INDEX - lots of examples and quizzes for reacting masses, formulae, gas volumes, molarity, titrations, electrolysis, %yield, purity, dilution etc. : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) Bond energy calculations : GCSE-AS water of crystallisation : ADVANCED acid-base titrations : ADVANCED redox titrations : ADVANCED equilibrium (need to check the various sub-index in Parts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 : ADVANCED relative atomic mass by mass spectrometry

calculations - half-life/radioactivity : GCSE-AS definition and calculations e.g. carbon-14 archaeological dating/K-Ar rock dating : 

californium, Cf :

calorimeter : GCSE experimental method/calculation for measuring energy changes : ADVANCED thermodynamics Part 1 thermochemistry - enthalpies of reaction, formation, combustion :

cancer : GCSE-AS dangers of radioactivity : 

Cannizzaro reaction : ADVANCED examples :

carbocation : ADVANCED explained in organic chemistry : 

carbohydrates - natural molecules : GCSE structure : 

carbon-14 isotope (¹⁴C, radiocarbon) dating : GCSE-GCE Dating by radioactive isotope decay :

carbon, C : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) use in extracting metals from ores e.g. iron : GCSE use in steel making : GCSE position and group in periodic table : GCSE-AS diamond/graphite/fullerenes-bonding-properties : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) burning oil products-hydrocarbon-fossil fuels-incomplete combustion, soot pollution : 

carbon dioxide, CO_2(g)   : Test for : CO₂ gas preparation and collection : GCSE Greenhouse effect, causes, effects and what we can do? : GCSE more on CO₂/temperature data graphs and discussion points : GCSE-AS covalent molecule-bonding : ADVANCED molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

carbon monoxide, CO_(g) : KS3-GCSE-AS dangers/air pollution from gas fires/motor vehicles-incomplete combustion : GCSE-AS extraction of iron : 

carbonated water/'carbonic acid' : GCSE formation and use : 

carbonates/carbonate ion, CO₃^2- : ADVANCED shape-bond angle, dot & cross diagram : Test for carbonates : KS3-GCSE reaction with acids : GCSE heat-thermal decomposition-limestone : ADVANCED carbonates & hydrogen carbonates :

carbonic acid/carbonated water : see above

carboxylic acids (alkanoic acids) (and derivatives) : GCSE extra organic chemistry : ADVANCED structure and naming of acids and derivatives : ADVANCED aromatic-structure-naming :  ADVANCED summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVANCED naming m/c Quiz : ADVANCED type in name Quiz : ADVANCED intermolecular forces and boiling points of carboxylic acids compared to other organic molecules, dimer and hydrogen bonding : ADVANCED solubility of carboxylic acids (Equilibria section 8.7) :

catalysts/catalysis - rates of reaction : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) notes : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) chemical energy changes : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) uses of Transition Metals : ADVANCED theory of heterogeneous/homogeneous/poisoning examples : ADVANCED chemical equilibrium rules and Le Chatelier's Principle :

catalytic converter/mechanisms : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction : KS3-GCSE-AS reducing air pollution from motor vehicles : ADVANCED catalytic mechanisms : 

cathode - negative electrode : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) introduction to electrolysis and links to uses : 

cations : Ionic Bonding : Qualitative tests for cations : in electrolysis :

CCEA/CEA exam board (NI) : GCSE Science-Chemistry support-help links : 

cells - biology : GCSE-AS damage from radioactivity : 

cells/batteries - chemistry : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) simple battery design and explanation : GCSE fuel cell : GCSE-AS electrolysis examples : ADVANCED the principles of cells-batteries explained (use top 7. sub-index) :

cellulose : GCSE structure : 

cement : GCSE manufacture : 

centrifuges/centrifuging : separation technique explained with examples of uses :

ceramics : GCSE use of transition metal oxides as glazing colours : 

cerium, Ce :

cesium : see caesium above

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) :  GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) CFC's - ozone destruction  : ADVANCED structure- naming :

chain isomerism : ADVANCED detailed notes-examples : 

chain reaction : GCSE-AS nuclear fission : ADVANCED explained for organic mechanisms : ADVANCED free radical reaction mechanisms - alkanes cracking and chlorination :

chalk - sedimentary rock : GCSE formation : 

charge - electrical : GCSE-AS sub-atomic particles : GCSE on ions-working out formula : 

Charles's Law: GCSE-ADVANCED explained - gas calculations :

chemical bonding - covalent (small molecule, giant, polymers), ionic and metals-alloys : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) detailed notes on ionic/covalent/metallic bonding (use sub-indexes)

chemical change/reaction : GCSE-KS3 explained-examples : 

chemical economics : GCSE comments on factors and examples : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) manufacture of ammonia : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) extraction of metals :

chemical equations : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) explained-examples : 

chemical equilibrium : GCSE introduction and rules : ADVANCED detailed notes pages on molecular, ionic and redox equilibria and calculation :

chemical factory/works: GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) Location considerations, running costs, environmental factors :

chemical formula of ... : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) examples explained : 

chemical reactions/properties of ... : GCSE Group 1 Alkali metals : GCSE Group 7 Halogens : GCSE Transition metals : GCSE Acids and Alkalis : GCSE metals-reactivity series : ADVANCED s-block Groups 1-2 detailed notes : 

chemical reactions - types of ... : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) various types of reaction : 

chemical test for? : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED test index : 

chemisorption : ADVANCED heterogeneous catalyst theory-uses : 

chemistry - KS3 : KS3 science quiz index : KS3 biology Q's : KS3 chemistry Q's : KS3 physics Q's : 

chiral auxiliaries/auxiliary synthesis : ADVANCED detailed notes-examples : 

chirality-optical isomerism-R/S stereoisomerism : ADVANCED detailed notes-examples of chiral molecules, R/S isomerism, optical isomerism, enantiomerism : ADVANCED optical isomer Q : 

chlorate(III) ion, ClO₂^- (chlorite ion) : ADVANCED shape-bond angle, dot & cross diagram :

chlorate(V) ion, ClO₃^- (chlorate ion) : ADVANCED shape-bond angle, dot & cross diagram :

chlorate(VII) ion, ClO₄^- (perchlorate ion) : ADVANCED shape-bond angle, dot & cross diagram :

chlorides, Cl^- (bromides, fluorides, iodides) : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) general chemistry, properties, uses : GCSE bonding/properties of compounds - ionic or covalent : ADVANCED -estimation with silver nitrate titration Q's : Test for chloride ion :

chlorination : ADVANCED alkane free radical substitution reaction mechanisms : ADVANCED aromatic electrophilic substitution mechanisms :  : 

chlorine and compounds, Cl, Cl_2(g) in Group 7 The Halogens : GCSE-data-properties-chemical reactions-uses : Cl₂ gas preparation and collection : GCSE reaction with alkanes : ADVANCED -data : GCSE-AS molecule-bonding : ADVANCED chlorination alkanes : ADVANCED chlorination aromatics : ADVANCED redox reactions with NaOH :

chloroalkanes (haloalkanes, halogenoalkanes, e.g. alkyl halides, RX, X=Cl, Br, I) : GCSE - formation : ADVANCED structure and naming : ADVANCED tests for : ADVANCED naming m/c Quiz : ADVANCED type in name Quiz : Tests for halogenoalkanes/haloalkanes/alkyl halides :

chloroalkenes : ADVANCED structure and naming :

chloroaromatics : ADVANCED structure naming : 

chloromethane, CH₃Cl_(g) : GCSE-AS covalent molecule-bonding : 

chloroethane : ADVANCED intermolecular forces and boiling point of organic compounds : 

cholesterol : GCSE short note on this steroid : 

chromatography : GCSE-KS3 paper/thin layer explained-examples : AS-GCSE paper/thin layer analysis-organic chemistry : GCSE-AS gas-liquid chromatography - diagram and analysis explained : 

chromium, Cr : GCSE-properties-uses-Transition Metals : GCSE-position in periodic table : GCSE use in stainless steel : GCSE-AS extraction : GCSE-ADVANCED data : ADVANCED detailed notes 3d-block Transition Metals : ADVANCED Chromium :

chromium(III) compounds : ADVANCED oxidation to Cr(VI) : ADVANCED detailed notes chromium 3d-block Transition Metals :

cis/trans geometrical isomerism : ADVANCED defined and lots of examples described : 

cis-platin : ADVANCED isomerism/anti-cancer drug : 

CIE Cambridge International exam board : GCSE/IGCSE Science-Chemistry support-help links : 

citric acid : GCSE mention and structure : 

climate change/global warming/Greenhouse effect : GCSE Greenhouse effect, causes, effects and what we can do? : GCSE more on CO₂/temperature data graphs and discussion points :

coal - sedimentary rock : KS3-GCSE rock formation-fossil fuel : GCSE-fossil fuel notes :

cobalt, Co : GCSE-notes-transition metals : GCSE-position in periodic table : GCSE-ADVANCED data : ADVANCED Co(II) ions-homogeneous catalysis : ADVANCED detailed notes 3d-block Transition Metals : ADVANCED Cobalt :

cobalt(II) compounds : ADVANCED oxidation to Co(III) : ADVANCED detailed notes cobalt 3d-block Transition Metals :

co-enzymes/cofactors : ADVANCED enzyme function :

coke - impure carbon : GCSE-AS extraction of iron : 

collision particle theory : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) gas pressure theory : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) explaining rates of reaction factors : ADVANCED theory : 

colloidal clay : GCSE in water : 

colloids : GCSE explained-examples and types : 

colorimetry/colorimeter: ADVANCED Use in analysis and determining formula of a transition metal ion complex :

colour : ADVANCED Electron configuration & colour theory :

combinational chemistry-autosynthesis : ADVANCED organic synthesis : 

combining power of elements (valency/valencies) : GCSE-AS covalent/ ionic explained-examples : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) covalent and ionic bonding : 

combustion-burning : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction (complete/incomplete/slow/fast/explosive/spontaneous) : GCSE oil product fuels : GCSE extra organic chemistry : 

common ion effect : ADVANCED in Part 4 Equilibria Notes :

'common table salt' : see sodium chloride : 

competitive inhibition/inhibitors : ADVANCED enzyme-structure-function : 

complete combustion : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) burning oil products-hydrocarbon-fossil fuels : 

complex ion/'complexes' : ADVANCED shapes and bond angles of transition metal complexes : 

composition by mass, : GCSE-AS definition-% composition examples-Quiz : 

compounds : GCSE-KS3 explained-examples : KS3 quiz on atoms/elements/compounds/mixtures : 

compressibility factor (z): ADVANCED ideal & non-ideal real gas behaviour z = PV/nRT equation :

concentrated ... : GCSE sulphuric acid, H₂SO_4(l) :

concentration : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) calculations notes-examples-quizzes : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) rates of reaction factor : ADVANCED chemical equilibrium rules and Le Chatelier's Principle :

concrete : GCSE manufacture : 

condensation (physical state change) and boiling=condensation point : KS3-GCSE explained : KS3-GCSE in distillation : GCSE removal of temporary hardness : Group 1 Alkali Metal data : Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metal data : Group 0 Noble Gas data : Group 7 Halogen data : Transition Metal data (Sc-Zn, 3d block) : 

condensation polymerisation : GCSE-AS as type of reaction : Extra Organic : bonding : 

conduction/conductivity of ... : KS3-GCSE metal properties : GCSE ionic melts/solutions : GCSE-AS theory of heat/electrical conduction of metals : 

conjugate acid/base : ADVANCED theory of acids and bases (also use sub-index  near top of page) :

conservation of mass/reacting mass calculations : KS3-GCSE basic idea explained : GCSE-AS basic examples-calculations-Quiz : 

Contact Process for making sulphuric acid : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) full details of process : 

continental drift - plate tectonics : GCSE Earth Science notes : 

continuous deposition of rock sediment : GCSE sedimentary rocks : 

continuous/batch process (chemical industry) : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic idea) explained-examples : 

cooling/heating curves - state changes : KS3-GCSE graphs explained : GCSE states m/c Quiz : 

copper, Cu : GCSE-reactivity-reactions involving oxygen/water/acids/displacement : GCSE-properties-uses-Transition Metals : GCSE-AS extraction-electrolysis-purification : ADVANCED data : ADVANCED heterogeneous catalyst : ADVANCED detailed notes 3d-block Transition Metals : ADVANCED notes Copper :

copper(I) ion/compounds : ADVANCED redox theory of disproportionation to Cu(0) + Cu(II) : ADVANCED detailed notes copper 3d-block Transition Metals :

copper(II) ion/compounds : ADVANCED oxidation of iodide : ADVANCED detailed notes copper 3d-block Transition Metals :

copper(II) sulphate (hydrated), CuSO₄.5H₂O_(s) : GCSE reversible reaction - thermal decomposition : 

core of Earth : GCSE Earth science - geology notes : 

corrosion of metals : GCSE chemistry of iron rusting and its prevention : 

corrosive : KS3-GCSE hazard warning sign/symbol : 

cosmetics : cosmetics as an example of the science of formulation chemistry :

costs : GCSE manufacturing chemicals : GCSE extracting metals : 

coulomb : GCSE-AS unit of electric charge - electrolysis calculations : 

coursework - some useful on-site links : GCSE rates of reaction ideas : AS Salters Open Book : ADVANCED kinetics - advanced rates of reactions notes : ADVANCED theory of enzyme structure and function : 

covalency : GCSE explained-examples : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) detailed notes :

covalent bonding : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) detailed notes : ADVANCED molecule shape : ADVANCED in protein-enzyme structure : 

cracking - a thermal decomposition process : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) products from in oil industry : GCSE-AS demonstration experiment : ADVANCED free radical/ionic reaction mechanisms : ADVANCED heterogeneous catalyst-uses : 

critical values of temperature and pressure : ADVANCED non-ideal real gas behaviour & Van der Waals equation :

crude oil : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) origin and useful products : 

crust of Earth : GCSE Earth science - geology notes : 

cryolite : GCSE-AS mineral used in electrolytic extraction of aluminium : 

crystallisation : GCSE crystallization-explained-examples : GCSE-AS water of crystallisation in salts : 

curie : unit of radioactivity : 

curium, Cm :

cyclo - see individual types of compound below ...

cycloalcohols/non-cyclic alcohols : ADVANCED structure and naming : 

cycloalkanes/non-cyclic alkanes : ADVANCED structure and naming : ADVANCED geometrical isomerism : ADVANCED naming m/c Quiz : ADVANCED type in name Quiz : 

cycloalkenes/non-cyclic alkenes : ADVANCED structure and naming : 

cyclohalogenoalkanes (cyclo alkyl halides, and non-cyclo haloalkanes) : ADVANCED structure and naming : 

D... index

Dalton's Law of partial pressures : ADVANCED explained - gas calculations :

dangers of radioactivity : GCSE-AS radioactivity notes, half-life on radioactive waste disposal problems :   

data on ... : Group 1 Alkali Metal : Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metal : Group 0 Noble Gas : Group 7 Halogen : Transition Metal data (Sc-Zn, 3d block)

data handling : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) rates of reaction factors :  KS3-GCSE solubility curves : 

dating - archaeological/rocks using radioactivity-radioisotopes : GCSE-AS detailed Radioactivity notes : 

Debye forces : ADVANCED intermolecular forces :

decantation/decanting : Brief explanation-description of technique :

decay of ... : GCSE-AS radioactivity unstable atoms/nucleus/radioisotope-alpha/beta/gamma emission :

decolourisation of ... : GCSE-AS of bromine in alkene test : 

decomposers : GCSE Nitrogen Cycle : 

decomposition : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction -decay/thermal etc. : GCSE see heated limestone and useful oil products-cracking : 

definitions of ... : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) acid-base theory : ADVANCED theory of weak/strong acids/bases (use the 5. sub-index  near top of page) :

degree of ionisation : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) acids and alkalis : 

dehydration reaction : GCSE explanation-examples : GCSE of copper sulphate by conc. sulphuric acid : 

deliquescent : KS3-GCSE-AS example explained

delocalised 'free' electrons : GCSE-AS in metals : 

denaturing of .. : ADVANCED proteins-enzyme structure :

denitrifying/nitrifying bacteria : GCSE Nitrogen Cycle : GCSE effect in evolution of Earth's atmosphere : 

density of ... : GCSE Group 1 Alkali Metal data : ADVANCEDGroups1/2 Alkali/Alkaline Earth Metal data : ADVANCED Group 0/8 Noble Gas data : GCSE-ADVANCED Group 7 Halogen data : GCSE-ADVANCED transition Metal data (Sc-Zn, 3d block) : Periodicity plots of density Z = 1 to 20 plots * Z = 1 to 38 plots * Z = 1 to 96 plots * DATA

deodorants : deodorants as an example of the science of formulation chemistry :

depletion of .. : GCSE oil-finite resource : GCSE ozone layer : 

deposition of rock sediment : GCSE sedimentary rocks : 

deposits of ... : GCSE volcanic ash : GCSE salts-sedimentary rocks : GCSE oil/gas reserves : 

desorption/desorbing : ADVANCED heterogeneous catalyst theory-uses : 

detecting... : GCSE-AS radioactivity : KS3-GCSE-ADVANCED chemical tests : 

detergents : GCSE effect with hard water : detergents as an example of the science of formulation chemistry :

diagrams : GCSE-AS atomic structure : GCSE-AS bonding : GCSE electrolysis+links : ADVANCED links to lots of organic molecules : 

diamminesilver(I) ion, [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ : ADVANCED molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

diamond, allotrope of carbon : GCSE-AS structure/properties/bonding : 

diatomic molecule : GCSE-AS small covalent molecules e.g. HCl or H₂ : 

diazonium salts/azo dyes : ADVANCED aromatic-structure-naming : ADVANCED organic-nitrogen-compounds-naming-structure : 

dibasic/diprotic acid : ADVANCED examples - theory of acids and bases (also use the 5. sub-index  near top of page) :

dichromate(VI) ion, Cr₂O₇^2-_(aq) : ADVANCED examples of oxidising action 6.5/6.12 :

diesel oil : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) oil-fractions-uses : 

dietary supplements : dietary supplements as an example of the science of formulation chemistry :

diffusion : KS3-GCSE-AS explained-examples : 

dilution of solutions: GCSE dilution calculations :

diols (alcohols) : ADVANCED structure and naming : 

dimer : ADVANCED carboxylic acid dimer and hydrogen bonding

disaccharide : GCSE structure : 

disadvantages of ... : GCSE fossil fuels : 

discontinuous deposition of rock sediment : GCSE sedimentary rocks : 

disinfectants : GCSE made from chlorine : 

disintegration of ... : GCSE-AS atomic nucleus-radioactivity : 

displacement reactions : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction : KS3-GCSE metal reactivity series : the Group 7 Halogens Cl/Br/I : GCSE-AS metal extraction : GCSE extraction of titanium metal : ADVANCED -electron redox theory of metal-metal displacement reactions, oxidation state theory part 1 and in redox part 2:

displayed formula/ structural formula or graphic formulae : GCSE examples and in combustion equations : ADVANCED explained using alkane examples : ADVANCED explained-examples-links homologous series : 

disproportionation (and its opposite) : ADVANCED examples :

dissociation : ADVANCED of acids and bases, examples and calculations (use 5. sub-index  near top of page :

dissolves/dissolving : e.g. definitions and a salt purification context : GCSE dissolving explained-examples particle pictures :

distillation - separation of mixtures : KS3-GCSE explanation-examples : GCSE oil fractions-uses : 

distribution of ... : ADVANCED of solute between two immiscible liquids, distribution/partition coefficient , calculations and uses :

disulphide linkage : ADVANCED in protein structure

Döbereiner : GCSE-AS history of Periodic Table : ADVANCED Periodic Table History :

dose of ... : GCSE radioactivity measurement : 

dot and cross diagrams in bonding : GCSE ionic/covalent structures : ADVANCED to help deduce molecule shape : 

double bonds : GCSE-AS covalent bond explained : GCSE in alkenes-oil products : GCSE extra organic notes-alkenes : ADVANCED structure of alkenes : 

double decomposition : GCSE-AS as type of reaction

dough : GCSE using fermentation in cooking : 

drugs, medicines : GCSE extra organic chemistry : 

dry cell alkaline battery : ADVANCED the principles of cells-batteries explained :

dubnium, Db :

duralumin : GCSE-ADVANCED (basic) use of aluminium alloys : 

dynamic equilibrium GCSE introduction and rules : ADVANCED detailed notes pages on chemical molecular, ionic and redox equilibria :

dysprosium, Dy :

C to D alphabetical index page

index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

EMAIL query?comment * 1st time user notes

Copyright Dr W P Brown 2000-2010 All rights reserved on the revision notes pages, quizzes, worksheets, x-words etc.