Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic

KS3 Science GCSE-IGCSE and GCE-ADVAN-IB Advanced Level Chemistry

Alphabetical Site Index for Chemistry, Radioactivity and Earth Science

This page 1 A B, page 2 C D, page 3 E F G H, page 4 I J K L M N, page 5 O P Q R, page 6 S T U V W X Y Z * EMAIL query?comment

1st time users PLEASE READ the 10 important points below ...

1. The links do NOT open in a new window unless your browser is set to do so.

2. Remember, I can't list everything on my 900+ pages on several sites, so don't rely on just one word/phrase search, try several if no success at first, I can't index every minute detail! AND click on more than one link if several are listed AND there are other useful indexes of site content.

3. Useful mini site-maps for : KS3 Science : GCSE Chemistry : Advanced Chemistry

4. After clicking on a link on this page, you will often have to click on another sub-link from a menu of keywords/phrases at the top of the page you are taken to,

5. OR you may have to scroll down to find the information on the page you are taken to and/or you can use 'Find on page' from the browser menu.

6. Don't put a the before what you are searching for i.e. look for Halogens NOT The Halogens or use alternatives like Group 7 or some connected word e.g. chlorine, brine or electrolysis.

7. Where there is a need to distinguish academic LEVEL the following abbreviations are used as a 'rough guide'

   • KS3 = UK Y7-9 ~USA grades 6-8 SCIENCE

   • GCSE = UK KS4 Y10-11 = IGCSE = BTEC National 1st Diploma level 2 ~USA grades 9-10 Science-CHEMISTRY

   • ADVAN(basic) means useful starter ideas from GCSE for 1st year of advanced level GCE AS ~USA grades 11 CHEMISTRY

   • ADVAN = Advanced CHEMISTRY = UK KS5 GCE AS A2 VCE Y12-Y13 BTEC National Diploma level 3 = ~USA grades 11-12 (grade K12) CHEMISTRY.

8. If you, as I hope, find what you want, you can do a selective printout of the section required, as some web pages are very long, and allow a line before and after, as you may miss a bit out!

9. Unlike many other sites, I have abandoned 'in-house' site searches because after analysing the chemistry sections of GCSE science syllabuses (and A level in 2008), the result is too many links to syllabus pages rather than the revision notes/quizzes you actually want. However, there are links to specific sections of notes/quizzes from these GCSE syllabus pages.

10. EMAIL: query-comment-error?, incorrect/broken link? or suggestions for improvement?

A... index

'abbreviated' structural formula : ADVAN explained using alkane examples : ADVAN explained-examples-links homologous series : 

absorbed/absorption/desorption :  : ADVAN heterogeneous catalyst : 

absorption of alpha/beta/gamma radiation : GCSE-AS detailed Radioactivity notes : 

abstraction : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : 

abundance of ... : ADVAN isotopes by mass spectroscopy

acetate rayon : 

acetic acid (ethanoic acid, vinegar) : GCSE extra organic chemistry : ADVAN structure-names of carboxylic acids : 

acid/acyl amides see amides

acid/acyl anhydrides (organic molecules) : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

acid/acyl chlorides (organic molecules) : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism with water/alcohols/ammonia/amines : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

acid-base-alkali ionization theory : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) : ADVAN detailed advanced notes on Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry theories of acids-bases, strong/weak acids/bases pH scale calculations :

acid-base-alkali titration calculations : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) molarity examples-Quiz : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) volumetric/titration calculations : ADVAN acid-base titration Q's : 

acid-base indicators : ADVAN theory, pK_ind and examples explained (also use top sub-index) :

acidity of... : KS3-GCSE soil/atmosphere effects/treatment : KS3-GCSE formation of acid rain : 

acids-bases-alkalis-salts-pH-neutralisation : KS3 word-fill worksheets 7Ewf and 7Fwf : KS3 easy quiz : KS3-CGSE examples-general chemistry :  GCSE reactions with metals-reactivity series : GCSE foundation m/c Quiz : GCSE higher m/c Quiz : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) acid-base theory : GCSE word-fill worksheet :ADVAN theory of acids and bases, examples and pH/K_a calculations (use 5. sub-index  near top of page :

activated complex, 'transition state' : ADVAN explained in organic reaction mechanisms : ADVAN reaction profiles-kinetics : 

activation energy : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) rates of reaction notes : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) energy changes notes : ADVAN advanced theory : ADVAN calculation from data/Arrhenius equation : 

active sites : ADVAN heterogeneous catalyst : ADVAN enzyme structure-function : 

activity series of metals : KS3-GCSE detailed notes : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) metal extraction method : 

acyl/acid anhydride see acid anhydrides above

acyl/acid chloride - see acid chlorides above

acylation : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : ADVAN aromatic compound formation mechanisms : 

acylonium ion : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : 

addition polymerisation : GCSE-AS as type of reaction : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) Oil Products : GCSE extra organic chemistry : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) bonding note : ADVAN(basic) note on the reaction : 

addition reaction : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) simple example explained : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : 

advantages of ... : 

adsorption/adsorbed/adsorbing : ADVAN heterogeneous catalyst theory-uses : 

air : KS3-GCSE atmosphere composition : GCSE raw material for blast furnace : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) raw material for ammonia and nitric acid production : GCSE-AS liquefaction-fractional distillation, separation of useful products : 

alanine-amino acid : ADVAN laboratory synthesis : 

'alcohol' see ethanol below 

alcohols (alkanols) : GCSE extra organic chemistry : ADVAN classification/structure/naming/including diols/triols/cyclo-/chloro- : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN conversion to halogenoalkane/water-elimination mechanisms : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

aldehydes/ketones : ADVAN structure & naming/ROH==>RC=O==>RCOOH ox. sequence : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN nucleophilic addition of CN and H mechanism : ADVAN aromatic-structure-naming : ADVAN m/c Quiz on naming : ADVAN type in name Quiz : ADVAN redox theory of tests for :

alicyclic organic compounds : ADVAN definition - examples (comparison with aliphatic/aromatic compounds) :

aliphatic organic compounds : ADVAN definition and examples (comparison with alicyclic/aromatic compounds) :

Alkali Metals, of Group 1 Li Na K etc.: GCSE-data-properties-trends-chemical reactions-uses : GCSE position in Periodic Table : GCSE-as members of the reactivity series of metals : GCSE foundation m/c Quiz : GCSE higher m/c Quiz : GCSE word-fill worksheet : ADVAN-data : ADVAN detailed notes : AS basic m/c Group 1-2 Quiz : ADVAN Gps 1-2 data-graphs-group trends : info-links to other websites 

Alkaline Earth Metals, of Group 2 (Be) Mg to Ra etc. : GCSE Mg/Ca position in metal reactivity series : GCSE-position in the Periodic Table : ADVAN-data : ADVAN detailed notes :AS basic m/c Group 1-2 Quiz : ADVAN Gps 1-2 data-graphs-group trends :info-links to other websites 

alkalis-acids-bases-salts-pH : KS3 easy quiz : KS3 word-fill worksheets 7Ewf and 7Fwf : KS3-GCSE examples-general chemistry : GCSE foundation m/c Quiz : GCSE higher m/c Quiz : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) acid-base theory : 

alkanes (organic hydrocarbon molecules) : GCSE Oil Products : GCSE extra organic chemistry  : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN free radical chlorination/cracking reaction mechanisms : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

alkenes (organic hydrocarbon molecules) : GCSE Oil Products : GCSE extra organic chemistry : test for : ADVAN structure and naming (including cyclo- and chloro-) : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN electrophilic addition of HBr/Br₂/H₂SO₄/H₂O and free radical polymerisation reaction mechanisms : ADVAN geometrical isomerism : ADVAN m/c Quiz on naming : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

alkoxy group : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : ADVAN structure/naming ethers : 

alkyl group : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : ADVAN structure/naming alkanes : 

alkylation : ADVAN aromatic compound formation mechanisms : 

alkynes : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : 

allotropes : GCSE-AS definition-examples carbon, oxygen, sulphur : GCSE-AS allotropes of carbon : 

alloys : GCSE alloys-uses of metals Fe/Ti/Al etc. : GCSE uses of Transition Metal (and Al note) : GCSE steel making : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) metal structure, bonding and properties : 

alpha-helix : ADVAN in protein structure :

alpha particle radiation : GCSE-AS mass/charge/properties/uses/dangers etc. in detailed Radioactivity notes : GCSE-AS historic scattering by nucleus experiment : 

aluminium/aluminum, Al : GCSE metal reactivity series-reactions- oxygen/water/acids/displacement : GCSE-electrolysis extraction  : GCSE uses-anodising : GCSE more on uses/comparison with Transition Metals : KS3-GCSE-ADVAN(basic) Thermit reaction : : 

aluminium fluoride AlF_3(s) : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) bonding-structure-properties : 

aluminium oxide Al₂O_3(s) : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) bonding-structure-properties : GCSE-AS Bauxite ore for Al extraction : 

americium, Am : info-links to other websites

amides (organic nitrogen compounds) : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN summary of functional group/homologous series structure : ADVAN formation from acid chloride-mechanism : ADVAN aromatic-structure-naming : ADVAN organic-nitrogen-compounds-naming-structure : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

amino acids : GCSE extra organic chemistry : ADVAN optical isomerism : ADVAN aliphatic naming and structure : ADVAN organic-nitrogen-compounds-naming-structure : ADVAN residues in protein structure : 

amines : ADVAN organic nitrogen compounds structure-naming : ADVAN aromatic-structure-naming : ADVAN aliphatic - formation from halogenoalkanes-mechanism :

ammonia, NH₃ : GCSE reaction with acids : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) Haber Process manufacture, physical/chemical properties, uses, oxidation in making nitric acid : GCSE in Earth's early atmosphere : GCSE in nitrogen cycle : GCSE-AS covalent molecule-bonding : : ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram : ADVAN reaction with halogenoalkanes - amine formation mechanism : ADVAN reaction with acid chlorides - amide formation mechanism : ADVAN oxidation to NO-redox theory : ADVAN Haber Synthesis - equilibrium-Le Chatelier-calculations-manufacture :

ammonium, NH₄, salts : test for the NH₄⁺ ion : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) fertiliser salts : 

ammonium chloride, NH₄Cl_(s) : GCSE reversible reaction - thermal decomposition : GCSE salt preparations : GCSE ammonia-ammonium salts : 

ampere : GCSE-AS unit of electric current - electrolysis calculations : 

analgesics : GCSE extra organic chemistry : 

analysis : GCSE rates of reaction coursework : 

angular (bent) shaped molecules/ions : ADVAN molecule shape, pictures, bond angles, ox diagrams : 

anhydrous ... ('without water') : GCSE copper sulphate formation : GCSE copper sulphate test for water : 

anode - positive electrode : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) introduction to electrolysis and links to uses : 

anodising : GCSE of aluminium-uses : GCSE as type of reaction : 

antacid : KS3-GCSE explained-examples : 

antimony, Sb : GCSE-AS metalloid/semi-metal note : info-links to other websites

apatite (calcium hydroxy phosphate mineral) : ADVAN calcium in teeth by volumetric titration :

applications of ... : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) electrolysis : 

AQA exam board : GCSE Science-Chemistry support-help links : 

aquatic ... : 

archaeological dating : GCSE-AS using carbon-14 - radioactivity notes : 

argon, Ar, in Group 0/8 The Noble Gases : GCSE-properties-uses : GCSE-AS dating rocks K-40/Ar ratio : ADVAN data : info-links to other websites : 

aromatic - organic compounds : ADVAN comparison with aliphatic/alicyclic compounds - examples :  ADVAN examples of structure and naming : ADVAN electrophilic substitution mechanisms-orientation of products for nitration/chlorination/alkylation/acylation/sulphonation : ADVAN type in name quiz : 

Arrhenius : GCSE-AS Ionic theory : ADVAN Arrhenius equation to calculate activation energy : 

arrows - electron shifts : ADVAN explained in organic reaction mechanisms : 

arsenic, As : GCSE-AS metalloid/semi-metal use note : info-links to other websites

artificial ... : GCSE fertilisers : 

aryl group : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : ADVAN aromatic compounds : 

ascorbic acid, vitamin C : GCSE extra organic chemistry : 

aspirin, 2-ethanoylhydroxybenzoic acid : GCSE extra organic chemistry : ADVAN volumetric titration with NaOH :

astatine, At, At_2(s) in Group 7 The Halogens : GCSE data-properties-dangers : ADVAN data : info-links to other websites

atactic poly(propene) : ADVAN stereoregular-atactic/isotactic/syndiotactic

attacking reagent/molecule/ion : ADVAN explained in organic chemistry : 

atom : KS3-GCSE introduction-definition-examples : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) detailed atomic structure : 

'atomic economy' : GCSE(AS basic) calculations for a chemical process and further GCSE example :

atomic emission spectroscopy - instrumental method of analysis : GCSE a few comments and examples : 

atomic mass, relative A_r, based on ¹²C scale : GCSE-AS definition-examples-calculations : 

atomic/proton number : GCSE-AS definition, atomic structure : GCSE-AS structure of elements in Periodic Table : 

atomic radius : ADVAN explained : GCSE Group 1 Alkali Metal data : ADVAN Groups1/2 Alkali/Alkaline Earth Metal data : GCSE Group 0/8 Noble Gas data : ADVAN Group 0/8 Noble Gas data : GCSE Group 7 Halogen data : ADVAN Group 7 Halogen data : GCSE-ADVAN Transition Metal data (Sc-Zn, 3d block) : 

atomic structure : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) detailed notes : GCSE m/c Quiz : GCSE word-fill worksheet : GCSE crossword : 

atmosphere of Earth : GCSE development and current composition : 

autocatalysis : ADVAN manganate(VII)-ethanedioate reaction/titration : 

autosynthesis-combinational chemistry : ADVAN organic synthesis : 

Avogadro constant/number & calculations : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) value-mole calculations with answers : 

Avogadro's Law on gas volumes & calculations : GCSE-AS reacting volume ratio examples-Quiz : 

azo dyes/diazonium salts : ADVAN examples of aromatic-structure-naming : ADVAN more examples of organic-nitrogen-compounds-naming-structure : 

B... index

back titrations : ADVAN principle explained :

background radiation - radioactivity : GCSE-AS detailed notes - types/sources-natural/artificial :   

bacteria : GCSE killed by chlorine : GCSE nitrifying : GCSE denitrifying : 

balancing equations : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) examples : GCSE m/c quiz : 

barium and compounds, Ba, in Group 2 : ADVAN detailed notes s-block Gp 1/2 elements/compounds : ADVAN data-graphs Gps 1/2 : ADVAN data :

barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂ (see also barium above) : ADVAN volumetric titrations :

basalt - igneous rock : KS3-GCSE rock formation : 

base/acid ionisation/dissociation constant : ADVAN detailed advanced theory notes and calculations (use sub-index 5. near top of page) :

bases-alkalis-acids-salts-pH : KS3 easy quiz : GCSE examples-general chemistry : GCSE foundation m/c Quiz : GCSE higher m/c Quiz : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) acid-base theory : ADVAN examples - advanced theory of acids and bases (use the 5. sub-index  near top of page) :

basic oxide : GCSE definition-examples : 

batch/continuous process (chemical industry) : GCSE-ADVAN(basic idea) explained-examples : 

batteries/cells : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) simple design- explanation-fuel cells : GCSE car-use of sulphuric acid : ADVAN the principles of cells-batteries explained (use top 7. sub-index) :

bauxite ore : GCSE aluminium-electrolysis-extraction  : 

becquerel : unit of radioactivity : 

beer : GCSE fermentation : 

bent (angular) shaped molecules/ions : ADVAN molecule shape, pictures, bond angles, ox diagrams : 

benzene, C₆H₆ :  ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle :

benzoic acid,C₆H₅COOH, (benzenecarboxylic acid) : ADVAN Structure and naming of aromatics : ADVAN Structure and naming of carboxylic acids and derivatives :

beryllium and compounds, Be, in Group 2 : ADVAN detailed notes s-block Gp 1/2 elements/compounds : ADVAN data-graphs Gps 1/2 : ADVAN data :

beryllium chloride BeCl₂ : ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

beryllium hydride BeH₂ : ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

beta particle radiation : GCSE-AS mass/charge/properties/uses/dangers etc. in detailed Radioactivity notes :   

'bicarbonate of soda' or 'bicarb' : see sodium hydrogencarbonate

'bimolecular' : ADVAN explained for kinetics/organic reaction mechanisms : ADVAN kinetics-rate expressions : 

biodegradable (or not!) : GCSE oil products - plastics : 

biological catalysts (biotechnology-enzymes) : GCSE-AS examples-uses-rates of reaction factors : GCSE-AS industrial uses of enzymes : 

biology - KS3 : KS3 science quiz index : KS3 biology Q's : KS3 chemistry Q's : KS3 physics Q's : 

biotechnology : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) enzymes-examples-uses-rates of reaction factors : ADVAN enzyme structure/function : ADVAN enzyme kinetics : 

bismuth, Bi :

bitumen : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) Oil Products : 

blast furnace : GCSE-AS extraction of iron : 

bleach : GCSE-AS uses of chlorine : 

blood : GCSE carbon monoxide poisoning : 

bohrium, Bh :  : 

boiling (physical state change) and boiling point : KS3-GCSE explained : GCSE Group 1 Alkali Metal data : ADVAN Groups1/2 Alkali/Alkaline Earth Metal data : GCSE Group 0/8 Noble Gas data : ADVAN Group 0/8 Noble Gas data : GCSE Group 7 Halogen data : ADVAN Group 7 Halogen data : GCSE-ADVAN Transition Metal data (Sc-Zn, 3d block) : GCSE-AS properties of ionic/covalent compounds : ADVAN effects of intermolecular forces on boiling point of organic compounds explained :

bombardment of ... : GCSE-AS metal foil by alpha particles - scattering experiment : GCSE-AS atoms by neutrons in nuclear fission/radioisotope production :  

bond angles : GCSE covalent molecules : ADVAN variety of inorganic/organic - molecules/ions - shape etc. analysed : 

bond breaking/energy/enthalpy/making - calculations : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) exothermic/endothermic/simple calculations : GCSE m/c Quiz : ADVAN bond energy values explained : ADVAN bond energies for Gp7 Halogens X-X, H-X  and C-X : ADVAN enthalpy calculations : 

bond fission : ADVAN types explained in organic mechanisms : 

bond polarity : ADVAN significance explained in organic reaction mechanisms : 

bonding - covalent (small molecule, giant, polymers), ionic and metals-alloys : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) detailed notes : GCSE m/c quiz harder or GCSE m/c quiz easier : 

boron, B : position and group in periodic table :

boron hydride, BH₃ :  ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

boron trifluoride, BF₃ :  ADVAN molecule shape, bond angle, dot & cross electronic diagram :

bottled gas - oil product : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) oil-fractions-uses : 

Boyle's Law: GCSE-ADVAN explained - gas calculations :

branching : of carbon chain in organic compounds : 

brass : GCSE composition and uses : 

brine, aqueous sodium chloride, NaCl_(aq) : GCSE electrolysis of-uses of products : 

bromides, Br^- (chlorides, fluorides, iodides) : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) general Group 7 Halogens chemistry, properties, uses : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) bonding, structure, properties : 

bromine and compounds, Br, Br_2(l) in Group 7 The Halogens : GCSE-data-properties-chemical reactions-uses : ADVAN-data : GCSE-AS molecule-bonding : : 

bromine in solvent/water, Br_{2(solvent/aq)} : GCSE reaction with alkenes :  GCSE-AS test for alkenes : 

bromoalkanes (haloalkanes, halogenoalkanes, e.g. alkyl halides, RX, X=Cl, Br, I) : ADVAN structure and naming : ADVAN chemical tests for : ADVAN naming m/c Quiz : ADVAN type in name Quiz : 

bromoethane, C₂H₅Br : ADVAN shape-bond angles :

bromonium/chloronium ion : ADVAN explained in organic reaction mechanisms : 

bromothymol blue indicator (acids-alkalis-pH) : KS3-GCSE colours : 

Bronsted-Lowry : GCSE-AS theory of acids-bases :  acid-base/alkali theory : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) : ADVAN detailed notes on Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry theories of acids-bases :

Brownian motion : GCSE-AS particle theory evidence : 

buffers : ADVAN principles, examples and calculations explained (sections 6.3 to 6.5, also use top sub-index) :

buckminster fullerene, allotrope of carbon : GCSE-AS structure and properties : 

burning-combustion : KS3-GCSE-AS as type of reaction : GCSE oil fuel products : GCSE plastics : 

butane, C₄H_10(g) (oil product) : GCSE-ADVAN(basic) oil-fractions-uses : ADVAN alkane structure and naming : 

butanes, substituted butane : ADVAN alkane structures and halogenoalkanes :

butanoic acid, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH_(l,aq) : ADVAN homologous series/functional groups : ADVAN structure-names of carboxylic acid and derivatives : 

butanone : ADVAN shape-bond angles : 

butenes : ADVAN homologous series : ADVAN examples : 

index

This page 1 A B, page 2 C D, page 3 E F G H, page 4 I J K L M N, page 5 O P Q R, page 6 S T U V W X Y Z * EMAIL query?comment

*  revising KS3 SATs science at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic  *  revising IGCSE-GCSE science-chemistry at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic *  revising AS A2 IB GCE advanced level chemistry at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic  *

KS4 SCIENCE - Additional & Applied Chemistry help

AQA GCSE Science - Chemistry

CCEA GCSE Science - Chemistry

Edexcel GCSE 360Science - Chemistry

OCR GCSE 21st Century Science Suite - Chemistry

OCR GCSE Gateway Science Suite - Chemistry

OCR GCSE Applied Science - Chemistry (double award)

WJEC GCSE Science - Chemistry